graduate student
Moscow, Moscow, Russian Federation
employee
Moscow, Moscow, Russian Federation
employee
Moscow, Moscow, Russian Federation
employee
Moscow, Moscow, Russian Federation
UDC 616.31
Introduction. The article presents a systematic review of current scientific data on periodontal status in women in the context of reproductive aging. The relevance of the topic is determined by the high prevalence of inflammatory-destructive periodontal diseases among perimenopausal, menopausal, and postmenopausal patients, which correlates with hormonal dysfunction. Reduced estrogen levels, which play a key role in maintaining osteogenesis and immune homeostasis, create prerequisites for the progression of periodontitis, necessitating an in-depth analysis of pathogenetic interrelationships. Purpose. To investigate the impact of estrogen deficiency on the dynamics of inflammatory processes in the periodontium, and to evaluate the relationship between hormonal fluctuations and increased periodontal pocket depth, reduced mineral density of alveolar bone, and other markers of tissue destruction. Materials and methods. The review was based on data from 45 studies (2010–2023) retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, and eLibrary using keywords: “periodontium,” “menopause,” “estrogens,” “bone resorption.” Clinical observations, biochemical and histological studies, and meta-analyses highlighting the role of hormonal imbalance in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases were analyzed. Results. It was established that hypoestrogenemia promotes the activation of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α), increased osteoclast activity, and reduced collagen synthesis. These processes lead to progressive gingival atrophy, loss of periodontal attachment, and bone resorption. The necessity of integrating hormone replacement therapy into comprehensive periodontitis treatment for women over 45 years of age was emphasized. Conclusions. The data obtained contribute to a deeper understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms of periodontal disease development in women during hormonal adjustment and can serve as a basis for the development of new preventive and therapeutic techniques. The article may be useful for practicing dentists, as well as for researchers dealing with the relationship between hormonal changes and periodontal disease.
periodontitis, reproductive aging, hormonal changes, dental health, menopause, prevention
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