Tyumen, Tyumen, Russian Federation
Tyumen', Russian Federation
student
Tyumen, Tyumen, Russian Federation
student
Tyumen, Tyumen, Russian Federation
employee
Tyumen, Tyumen, Russian Federation
UDC 616.31
Periodontitis is one of the leading causes of tooth loss in adults and is often an indication for implant-supported rehabilitation. Aim – to analyze bone grafting techniques and bone graft materials used in implant placement in patients with periodontal diseases, with an assessment of their effect on osseointegration processes and the success of implant treatment. Materials and Methods. An analysis was conducted of Russian and international publications from 2016–2025 selected from the PubMed and eLibrary bibliographic databases using keyword searches. The review is based on 29 literature sources. Results and Discussion. Dental implantation in patients with periodontitis is often associated with peri-implant diseases due to deterioration of the biological conditions required for osseointegration. The bone augmentation methods used to restore bone volume before or during implantation in patients with periodontitis have their own characteristics and limitations. In periodontally compromised patients, autogenous, allogeneic, xenogeneic, and synthetic materials are used; however, autogenous bone is the most effective, although its availability is limited. The key requirements in planning bone grafting procedures are predictability of the regenerated bone volume, stability of soft-tissue closure, and minimization of infectious complications. The use of immediate implantation directly after extraction of teeth affected by periodontitis is undesirable; however, studies show that thorough debridement of the socket, the use of antiseptics, and bone grafting materials make it possible to achieve osseointegration even during immediate implantation into an infected socket. The ridge-splitting technique is used in cases of pronounced horizontal bone deficiency, and in periodontal cases, where the cortical plates are often thinned, the risk of cracks and fenestrations increases; therefore, indications for its use should be strict, and preference is often given to guided bone regeneration or block grafting. Autogenous block grafting provides high osteogenic potential and strong structural support. Achieving a favorable surgical outcome cannot be considered in isolation from the general condition of the periodontal tissues and the control of the inflammatory process.
periodontitis, implant treatment, peri-implantitis, bone grafting, osseointegration, osteoplastic materials
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