employee
Moscow, Moscow, Russian Federation
Moscow, Moscow, Russian Federation
Moscow, Moscow, Russian Federation
Moscow, Moscow, Russian Federation
Moscow, Moscow, Russian Federation
UDC 616.31
One of the urgent tasks of modern dentistry is to solve the problem of optimal osseointegration of a dental implant – a strong structural and functional connection between the implant surface and bone tissue, which is a crucial factor for ensuring positive long-term results of orthopedic treatment. It is known that implantation prosthetics is associated with a fairly wide range of risks, including the possibility of implant rejection. The modern clinical community has proposed a fairly wide range of approaches to the prevention and treatment of osteogenesis disorders as a predictive measure to achieve optimal, including long-term results of dental implantation: the implementation of antiresorption and osteoanabolic therapy, the local use of growth factors and morphogenetic bone proteins as modifying components. The article is devoted to the study of the effect of coating with bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) on the surface of a dental implant on its osteogenesis. The authors substantiate the relevance and significance of the research topic. Modern methods of biological (biochemical) modification of the surface of dental implants are considered. A review of the literature and an analysis of the experience gained in international preclinical and clinical practice in the field of BMP2 application as a component of osteoinductive materials is carried out. The data on the effect of the BMP2 coating on the surface of a dental implant, including in combination with other bioactive components, on its osteogenesis are summarized. It is concluded that the use of VMR-2 in dentistry is relevant in order to increase the osteogenic potential of dental implantation in patients at risk with impaired bone metabolism, including mineral metabolism in the jawbones. It is pointed out that further in-depth research is needed to clarify the risk factors (side effects) associated with the use of BMP-2 and to develop optimal delivery systems for its long-term monitoring and accurate release of protein over time.
secondary adentia, dental implantation, osseointegration, osteoinductive material, modification of the surface of a dental implant, bacterial adhesion, bone morphogenetic protein 2
1. Bartov M.S. Novye biotehnologicheskie podhody k sozdaniyu osteoinduktivnyh materialov na osnove belka rhVMR-2, poluchennogo mikrobiologicheskim sintezom v Escherichia coli; dissertaciya ... kandidata biologicheskih nauk. Moskva; 2015. 138 s. [Bartov M.S. New biotechnological approaches to the creation of osteoinductive materials based on the rhBMP-2 protein obtained by microbiological synthesis in Escherichia coli; dissertation ... Candidate of Biological Sciences. Moscow; 2015. 138 p. (In Russ.)].
2. Volozhin G.A. Razrabotka i vnedrenie kompleksnogo tkaneinzhenernogo i biotehnologicheskogo podhoda dlya rekonstrukcii kostnoy tkani chelyustey; dissertaciya na soiskanie uchenoy stepeni doktora medicinskih nauk. Moskva; 2023. 237 s. [Volozhin G.A. Development and implementation of a comprehensive tissue engineering and biotechnological approach for reconstruction of jaw bone tissue; dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Medical Sciences. Moscow; 2023. 237 p. (In Russ.)].
3. D'yachkova E.Yu. Reabilitaciya pacientov s poterey zubov na fone narusheniy mineral'nogo obmena pri deficite vitamina D3 posredstvom protezirovaniya s oporoy na dental'nye implantaty; dissertaciya na soiskanie uchenoy stepeni doktora medicinskih nauk. Moskva; 2024. 199 s. [Dyachkova E.Yu. Rehabilitation of patients with tooth loss due to mineral metabolism disorders with vitamin D3 deficiency through prosthetics supported by dental implants; dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Medical Sciences. Moscow; 2024. 199 p. (In Russ.)]. https://www.sechenov.ru/upload/iblock/736/v97lq5vqa50esy034jgngkvrvqb19xr2/DISSERTATSIYA-Dyachkova.pdf
4. Kuznecova V.S., Vasil'ev A.V., Buharova T.B., Gol'dshteyn D.V., Kulakov A.A. Bezopasnost' i effektivnost' primeneniya morfogeneticheskih belkov kosti 2 i 7 v stomatologii. Stomatologiya. 2019;98(1):64‑69. [Kuznetsova V.S., Vasilyev A.V., Bukharova T.B., Goldshtein D.V., Kulakov A.A. Safety and efficacy of BMP-2 and BMP-7 use in dentistry. Stomatology. 2019;98(1):64‑69. (In Russ.)]. https://doi.org/10.17116/stomat20199801164
5. Mayborodin I.V., Shevela A.A., Toder M.S., Shevela A.I. Sovremennye tendencii vybora i obrabotki materialov dlya dental'noy implantacii. Stomatologiya. 2018;97(4):68-76. [Maĭborodin I.V., Shevela A.A., Toder M.S., Shevela A.I. Current trends of the choice and processing of materials for dental implantation. Stomatology. 2018;97(4):68-76. (In Russ.)]. https://doi.org/10.17116/stomat20189704168
6. Mayka O.Yu., Kavalerova D.A., Bukatin M.V. Morfologicheskie osobennosti osteointegracii titanovyh implantatov s biologicheskim pokrytiem i faktorami rosta. Mezhdunarodnyy zhurnal prikladnyh i fundamental'nyh issledovaniy. 2012;(1):116-117. [Maika O.Yu., Kavalerova D.A., Bukatin M.V. Morphological features of osseointegration of titanium implants with biological coating and growth factors. International Journal of Applied and Fundamental Research. 2012;(1):116-117. (In Russ.)]. https://applied-research.ru/ru/article/view?id=2430
7. Murzabekov A.I., Muraev A.A., Muhametshin R.F., Kim E.V., Ivanov S.Yu., Klimenkov V.A. Rezul'taty primeneniya dental'nyh implantatov IRIS s poverhnost'yu, modificirovannoy metodom plazmennogo elektroliticheskogo oksidirovaniya. Medicinskiy alfavit. 2024;(1):77-82. [Murzabekov A.I., Muraev A.A., Mukhametshin R.F., Kim E.V., Ivanov S.Yu., Klimenkov V.A. Results of application of the IRIS dental implants with the surface modified by the method of plasma electrolytic oxidation. Medical alphabet. 2024;(1):77-82. (In Russ.)]. https://doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2024-1-77-82
8. Muhametov U.F., Lyulin S.V., Borzunov D.Yu., Gareev I.F. Klinicheskoe primenenie kostnyh morfogeneticheskih belkov BMP-2 i BMP-7: analiz tekuschih klinicheskih ispytaniy. Vestnik Severo-Zapadnogo gosudarstvennogo medicinskogo universiteta im. I.I. Mechnikova. 2023;15(1):5-20. [Mukhametov U.F., Lyulin S.V., Borzunov D.Y., Gareev I.F. Clinical use of bone morphogenetic proteins BMP-2 and BMP-7: analysis of current clinical trials. HERALD Of North-Western State Medical University Named After I.I. Mechnikov. 2023;15(1):5-20 (In Russ.)]. https://doi.org/10.17816/mechnikov112617
9. Nalbandyan M.S., Ter-Pogosyan G.Yu., Esayan L.K., Kazaryan E.R. Rol' estetiki v sovremennoy ortodonticheskoy diagnostike i lechenii. Problemy stomatologii. 2018;14(3):86-90. [Nalbandyan M.S., Ter-Poghosyan H.Yu., Esayan L.K., Ghazaryan E.R. The role of aesthetics in contemporary orthodontic diagnosis and treatment. Actual problems in dentistry. 2018;14(3):86-90. (In Russ.)]. https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=36458699
10. Omarov T.V., Zhusev A.I., Lomakin M.V. Rezul'taty klinicheskogo ispol'zovaniya dental'nyh implantatov s modificirovannoy bioaktivnoy poverhnost'yu. Rossiyskaya stomatologiya. 2018;11(3):13-17. [Omarov T.V., Zhusev A.I., Lomakin M.V. The results of the clinical application of dental implants with the modified biologically active surfaces. Russian journal of stomatology. 2018;11(3):13-17. (In Russ.)]. https://doi.org/10.17116/rosstomat20181103113
11. Semenov P.S. Ispol'zovanie kostnogo morfogeneticheskogo belka 2 dlya stimulyacii osteoregeneracii. Vestnik VolGU. Seriya 9: Issledovaniya molodyh uchenyh. 2013;(11):81-83. [Semenov P.S. Use of bone morphogenetic protein-2 for osseoregeneration stimulation. Science Journal of Volgograd State University. Young Scientists’ Research. 2013;(11):81-83. (In Russ.)]. https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?edn=rwwbgv
12. Tarba I.I. Zameschenie kostnyh defektov chelyustnyh kostey posredstvom primeneniya razrabotannoy tkaneinzhenernoy konstrukcii. Kliniko-eksperimental'noe issledovanie; avtoreferat dissertacii na soiskanie uchenoy stepeni kandidata medicinskih nauk. Moskva; 2023. 24 s. [Tarba I.I. Replacement of bone defects of the jaw bones by using the developed tissue-engineering structure. Clinical and experimental study; abstract of the dissertation for the degree of Candidate of Medical Sciences. Moscow; 2023. 24 p. (In Russ.)]. https://rusneb.ru/catalog/000199_000009_011892953/
13. Fedorova M.Z., Nadezhdin S.V., Semihin A.S., Lazebnaya M.A., Hramov G.V., Kolobov Yu.R. i dr. Eksperimental'naya ocenka kompozicionnogo materiala na osnove belkovo-mineral'nyh komponentov i rekombinantnogo kostnogo morfogeneticheskogo belka-2 v kachestve pokrytiya titanovyh implantatov. Travmatologiya i ortopediya Rossii. 2011;(2):101-106. [Fedorova M.Z., Nadezhdin S.V., Semikhin A.S., Lazebnaya M.A., Khramov G.V., Kolobov Y.R. et al. Experimental evaluation of composite material based on protein-mineral components and recombinant bone morphogenetic protein-2 as a coating for titanium implants. Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia. 2011;(2):101-106. (In Russ.)]. https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=16904397
14. Scherbovskih A.E. Obosnovanie primeneniya modificirovannyh dental'nyh implantatov na osnove netkanogo titanovogo materiala so skvoznoy poristost'yu (kliniko-eksperimental'noe issledovanie); dissertaciya na soiskanie uchenoy stepeni kandidata medicinskih nauk. Samara; 2017. 169 s. [Shcherbovskikh A.E. Justification for the use of modified dental implants based on non-woven titanium material with through porosity (clinical and experimental study); dissertation for the degree of Candidate of Medical Sciences. Samara; 2017. 169 p. (In Russ.)].
15. Yaremenko A.I., Galeckiy D.V., Korolev V.O. Sovremennye osteoplasticheskie i osteoinduktivnye materialy. Sostoyanie problemy. Perspektivy primeneniya v stomatologii i chelyustno-licevoy hirurgii. Institut stomatologii. 2011;(2):70-71. [Yaremenko A.I., Galetskiy D.V., Korolev V.O. Modern osteoplastic and osteoinductive materials. State of the problem. Prospects of application in dentistry and maxillofacial surgery. The Dental Institute. 2011;(2):70-71. (In Russ.)]. https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=16553534
16. Abdalla H., Allison P.J., Madathil S.A., Veronneau J.E., Pustavoitava N., Tikhonova S. Caries lesions progression in adults: A prospective 2-year cohort study. Community dentistry and oral epidemiology. 2025;53(1):33-41. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdoe.13005
17. Albertini M., Fernandez-Yague M., Lázaro P., Herrero-Climent M., Rios-Santos J.V., Bullon P. et al. Advances in surfaces and osseointegration in implantology. Biomimetic surfaces. Medicina oral, patologia oral y cirugia bucal. 2015;20(3):e316-e325. https://doi.org/10.4317/medoral.20353
18. Alenezi A., Chrcanovic B., Wennerberg A. Effects of local drug and chemical compound delivery on bone regeneration around dental implants in animal models: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants. 2018;33(1):e1-e18. https://doi.org/10.11607/jomi.6333
19. Anta M.A., Novák, P. Advances in Osseointegration for Dental Implants: Influencing Factors and Measuring Methods. Archive of Orofacial Data Science. 2025;2. https://doi.org/10.17879/aods-2024-6116
20. Cardoso M.V., de Rycker J., Chaudhari A., Coutinho E., Yoshida Y., Van Meerbeek B. et al. Titanium implant functionalization with phosphate-containing polymers may favour in vivo osseointegration. Journal of clinical periodontology. 2017;44(9):950-960. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12736
21. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Oral Health Surveillance Report: Dental Caries, Tooth Retention, and Edentulism, United States, 2017 – March 2020. U.S. Dept of Health and Human Services, 2024. – 28 p. https://www.cdc.gov/oral-health/php/2024-oral-health-surveillance-report/index.html
22. Chalub L.L.F.H, Ferreira R.C., Vargas A.M.D. Influence of functional dentition on satisfaction with oral health and impacts on daily performance among Brazilian adults: a population-based cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health. 2017;17(1):112. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-017-0402-5
23. Chaudhary N.K., Sunuwar D.R., Sapkota M.R., Pant S., Pradhan M., Bhandari, K.K. Prevalence of osteoporosis and associated factors among people aged 50 years and older in the Madhesh province of Nepal: a community-based cross-sectional study. Journal of health, population, and nutrition. 2024;43(1):100. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-024-00591-7
24. Cho Y.C., Peng P.W., Ou Y.S., Liu C.M., Huang B.H., Lan W.C. et al. An Innovative Design to Enhance Osteoinductive Efficacy and Biomechanical Behavior of a Titanium Dental Implant. Materials (Basel). 2024;17(10):2276. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17102276
25. de Queiroz Fernandes J., de Lima V.N., Bonardi J.P., Filho O.M., Queiroz S.B.F. Bone regeneration with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2: a systematic review. Journal of maxillofacial and oral surgery. 2018;17(1):13-18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12663-016-0988-1
26. Dong H., Liu H., Zhou N., Li Q., Yang G., Yi L. et al. Surface modified techniques and emerging functional coating of Dental implants. Coatings. 2020;10(11):1012. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10111012
27. Fan Y., Li Q., Liu Y., Miao J., Zhao T., Cai J. et al. Sex- and Age-Specific Prevalence of Osteopenia and Osteoporosis: Sampling Survey. JMIR public health and surveillance. 2024;10:e48947. https://doi.org/10.2196/48947
28. Gkiliopoulos D., Tsamesidis I., Theocharidou A., Pouroutzidou G., Christodoulou E., Stalika E. et al. SBA-15 Mesoporous Silica as Delivery Vehicle for rhBMP-2 Bone Morphogenic Protein for Dental Applications. Nanomaterials (Basel). 2022;12(5):822. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12050822.
29. Go H., Jung H.I., Ahn S.V., Ahn J., Shin H., Amano A. et al. Trend in the Incidence of Severe Partial Edentulism among Adults Using the Korean National Health Insurance Service Claim Data, 2014-2018. Yonsei medical journal. 2024;65(4):234-240. https://doi.org/10.3349/ymj.2023.0380
30. Grzelak A., Hnydka A., Higuchi J., Michalak A., Tarczynska M., Gaweda K. et al. Recent Achievements in the Development of Biomaterials Improved with Platelet Concentrates for Soft and Hard Tissue Engineering Applications. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024;25(3):1525. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25031525
31. Han J.J., Yang H.J., Hang S.J. Enhanced Bone Regeneration by Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 after Pretreatment with Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound in Distraction Osteogenesis. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. 2022;19(4):871-886. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13770-022-00457-1
32. Jimbo R., Coelho P.G., Bryington M., Baldassarri M., Tovar N., Currie F. et al. Nano hydroxyapatite-coated implants improve bone nanomechanical properties. Journal of dental research. 2012;91(12):1172-1177. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034512463240
33. Kunrath M.F., Garaicoa-Pazmino C., Giraldo-Osorno P.M., Haj Mustafa A., Dahlin C., Larsson L. et al. Implant surface modifications and their impact on osseointegration and peri-implant diseases through epigenetic changes: A scoping review. Journal of periodontal research. 2024;59(6):1095-1114. https://doi.org/10.1111/jre.13273
34. Kupka J.R., König J., Al-Nawas B., Sagheb K., Schiegnitz E. How far can we go? A 20-year meta-analysis of dental implant survival rates. Clinical oral investigations. 2024;28(10):541. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-024-05929-3
35. Kuznetsova V.S., Vasilyev A.V., Bukharova T.B., Nedorubova I.A., Goldshtein D.V., Popov V.K. et al. Application of BMP-2 and its gene delivery vehicles in dentistry. The Saudi dental journal. 2024;36(6):855-862. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.03.015
36. Liu P., Zhang Y., Ma Y., Tan S., Ren B., Liu S. et al. Application of dental pulp stem cells in oral maxillofacial tissue engineering. International journal of medical sciences. 2022;19(2):310-320. https://doi.org/10.7150/ijms.68494
37. Liu T., Zheng Y., Wu G., Wismeijer D., Pathak J.L., Liu Y. BMP2-coprecipitated calcium phosphate granules enhance osteoinductivity of deproteinized bovine bone, and bone formation during critical-sized bone defect healing. Scientific reports. 2017;7:41800. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep41800
38. López-Valverde N., Flores-Fraile J., Ramírez J.M., Macedo de Sousa B., Herrero-Hernández S., López-Valverde A. Conventional Surfaces in Titanium Dental Implants: A Comparative Systematic Review. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020;9(7):2047. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9072047
39. Łosiewicz B., Osak P., Nowińska D., Maszybrocka J. Developments in Dental Implant Surface Modification. Coatings. 2025;15(1):109. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15010109
40. Maher N., Mahmood A., Fareed M.A., Kumar N., Rokaya D., Zafar M.S. An updated review and recent advancements in carbon-based bioactive coatings for dental implant applications. Journal of advanced research. 2024:S2090-1232(24)00300-X. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2024.07.016
41. Naso C.M., Lin S.Y., Song G., Xue H. Time trend analysis of osteoporosis prevalence among adults 50 years of age and older in the USA, 2005-2018. Osteoporosis international. 2025; 36(3):547-554. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-025-07395-3
42. On S-W., Park S-Y., Yi S-M., Park I.Y., Byun S.H., Yang B.E. Current Status of Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (rhBMP-2) in Maxillofacial Surgery: Should It Be Continued? Bioengineering. 2023;10(9):1005. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10091005
43. Pang K., Seo Y.K., Lee J.H. Effects of the combination of bone morphogenetic protein-2 and nano-hydroxyapatite on the osseointegration of dental implants. Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. 2021;47(6):454-464. https://doi.org/10.5125/jkaoms.2021.47.6.454
44. Park H.E., Song H.Y., Han K., Cho K.H., Kim Y.H. Number of remaining teeth and health-related quality of life: the Korean national health and nutrition examination survey 2010-2012. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2019;17(1):5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-019-1078-0
45. Park K., Kang N.G., Lee J.H., Srinivasan M. Removable complete denture with a metal base: Integration of digital design and conventional fabrication techniques. Journal of esthetic and restorative dentistry. 2024;36(2):255-262. https://doi.org/10.1111/jerd.13121
46. Pimenta J., Szmukler-Moncler S., Raigrodski A.J. Physical characterization of 3 implant systems made of distinct materials with distinct surfaces. The Journal of prosthetic dentistry. 2022;128(1):63-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2020.11.015
47. Raza F.B., Vijayaragavalu S., Vaidyanathan A.K. Bone Morphogenetic Protein as Bone Additive around Dental Implant and its Impact on Osseointegration: a Systematic Review. Journal of dentistry (Shiraz). 2022;23(2 Suppl):336-348. https://doi.org/10.30476/DENTJODS.2021.90931.1536
48. Schonberger S., Kadry R., Shapira Y., Finkelstein T. Permanent Tooth Agenesis and Associated Dental Anomalies among Orthodontically Treated Children. Children (Basel). 2023;10(3):596. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10030596
49. Shayeb M.A., Elfadil S., Abutayyem H., Shqaidef A., Marrapodi M.M., Cicciù M. et al. Bioactive surface modifications on dental implants: a systematic review and meta-analysis of osseointegration and longevity. Clinical oral investigations. 2024;28(11):592. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-024-05958-y
50. Shin Y.C., Bae J.H., Lee J.H., Raja I.S., Kang M.S. et al. Enhanced osseointegration of dental implants with reduced graphene oxide coating. Biomaterials Research. 2022;26:11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40824-022-00257-7
51. Teshaboev M.G., Yuldoshev A. A., Umarkhojaeva M. Evaluation of Chewing Efficiency of Prosthetics in the Complete Absence of Teeth with Removable Prostheses Based on Dental Implants. Miasto Przyszłości. 2023;35:98-101. https://miastoprzyszlosci.com.pl/index.php/mp/article/view/1345
52. Wang M., Xu C., Zheng Y., Pieterse H., Sun Z., Liu Y. In vivo validation of osteoinductivity and biocompatibility of BMP-2 enriched calcium phosphate cement alongside retrospective description of its clinical adverse events. International journal of implant dentistry. 2024;10(1):47. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-024-00567-6
53. Yoo D., Tovar N., Jimbo R., Marin C., Anchieta R.B., Machado L.S. et al. Increased osseointegration effect of bone morphogenetic protein 2 on dental implants: an in vivo study. Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A. 2014;102(6):1921-1927. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.34862
54. Yoo S.Y., Kim S.K., Heo S.J., Koak J.Y., Lee J.H., Heo J.M. Biochemical Responses of Anodized Titanium Implants with a Poly(lactide-co-glycolide)/Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Submicron Particle Coating. Part 2: An In Vivo Study. The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants. 2015;30(4):754-760. https://doi.org/10.11607/jomi.3701b
