Moscow, Moscow, Russian Federation
UDK 616.31-085 Методы лечения заболеваний полости рта
UDK 616.31 Стоматология. Заболевания ротовой полости и зубов
GRNTI 76.29 Клиническая медицина
For the full-fledged work of a dentist-implantologist working in the field of replenishment of dentition with the help of dental implants and prostheses based on them in the modern realities of excessive variability of implant systems and suprastructures for them, the clinician needs to understand the criteria that various structural elements must meet, regardless of whether the structure is a single tooth, a bridge, or a full dentition restored with the above structure. In accordance with modern scientific concepts, the long-term survival of implants and teeth restored with their help is influenced by various mechanical and biological factors, such as: switching platforms, the type of connection of the abutment to the implant body, including the cone, its angle, internal or external polyhedron, the type and shape of the thread, the coating of the screw fixing the superstructure to the shaft of the dental implant (DI), the condition of the soft tissues and other factors disclosed in this article. The article will be useful for dentists involved in the restoration of dentition using various types of prostheses based on DI to become familiar with modern trends and scientifically proven facts about various elements of the implant-prosthesis complex. The article will also be useful for the clinician to select an implantological system that meets modern criteria of reliability and efficiency among the many variations presented on the medical device market. The team of authors recommends that the article be read by senior students and residents studying at the dental faculties of medical universities for a deeper understanding of the conditions that in the near future they will have to take into account when following the path of an orthopedic dentist or dental surgeon.
dentistry, dental implant, dental abutment, dental implant-abutment designs, implantology
1. Ramanauskaite A., Schwarz F., Sader R. Influence of width of keratinized tissue on the prevalence of peri-implant diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis // Clinical oral implants research. – 2022;33(23). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35763022/
2. Adawi H.A. Effects of Blood Contamination and Decontamination Protocol on Reverse Torque Value of Abutment Screws in Dental Implants: An In Vitro Study // Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland). – 2023;8(2):157. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics8020157.
3. Ala L.A.B., Nogueira T.E., Leles C.R. One-year prospective study on single short (7-mm) implant overdentures in patients with severely resorbed mandibles // Clinical Oral Implants Research. – 2022;33(3):291-301. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/clr.13887.
4. Ali D. Levels of interleukin 1-beta and soluble urokinase plasminogen activation factor in peri-implant sulcular fluid of cement - and screw-retained dental implants // Quintessence International (Berlin, Germany: 1985). – 2023;54(6):452-458. doi:https://doi.org/10.3290/j.qi.b3877567.
5. Alnasser A.H. Effect of implant abutment screw materials and tightening protocols on reverse tightening values: An in vitro study // The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. – 2023:S0022-3913(23)00368-2. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.05.018.
6. Aneksomboonpol P. Surface structure characteristics of dental implants and their potential changes following installation: a literature review // Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. – 2023;49(3):114-124. doi:https://doi.org/10.5125/jkaoms.2023.49.3.114.
7. Arabbeiki M., Niroomand M.R., Rouhi G. Improving dental implant stability by optimizing thread design: Simultaneous application of finite element method and data mining approach // The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. – 2023;130(4):602.e1-602.e11. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.06.034.
8. Atieh M.A. Influence of implant restorative emergence angle and contour on peri-implant marginal bone loss: A systematic review and meta-analysis // Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research. – 2023;25(5):840-852. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/cid.13214.
9. Atlas A.M., Behrooz E., Barzilay I. Can bite-force measurement play a role in dental treatment planning, clinical trials, and survival outcomes? A literature review and clinical recommendations // Quintessence International. – 2022;53(7):632-642. doi:https://doi.org/10.3290/j.qi.b3044939.
10. Bagegni A. The Mechanical Behavior of a Screwless Morse Taper Implant-Abutment Connection: An In Vitro Study // Materials (Basel, Switzerland). – 2022;15:3381. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15093381
11. Batista R. et al. Deformation of implant retaining screws-Study with stereoscopic microscopy and microCT // Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry: Official Publication of the American Academy of Esthetic Dentistry – 2022;34(8):1147-1155. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/jerd.12959
12. Bittencourt A.-B.-B.-C. Stress distribution of multiple implant-supported prostheses: Photoelastic and strain gauge analyses of external hexagon and morse taper connections // Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry. – 2022;14:e235-e240. DOI:https://doi.org/10.4317/jced.59288
13. Block M.S. Evidence-Based Criteria for an Ideal Abutment Implant Connection-A Narrative Review // Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: Official Journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. – 2022;80(10):1670-1675. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2022.07.002
14. Canullo L. Tissue-level versus bone-level single implants in the anterior area rehabilitated with feather-edge crowns on conical implant abutments: An up to 5-year retrospective study // The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. – 2022;128(5):936-941. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.01.031
15. Cao W.-Y. Effects of two implant systems on peri-implant soft tissue // Shanghai Journal of Stomatology. – 2022;31(3):305-308. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36204962/
16. Dethier F. The Effects of Abutment Materials on Peri-Implant Soft Tissue Integration: A Study in Minipigs // Journal of Prosthodontics: Official Journal of the American College of Prosthodontists. – 2022;31:585-592. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/jopr.13504
17. D’Orto B. Marginal Bone Loss Compared in Internal and External Implant Connections: Retrospective Clinical Study at 6-Years Follow-Up // Biomedicines. – 2023;11(4):1128. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11041128
18. Esfahanian V. Effect of Different Implant-Abutment Mismatches on Stress Distribution: A 3-Dimensional Finite Element Study // The Journal of Oral Implantology. – 2022;48(5):370-374. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1563/aaid-joi-D-21-00271
19. Felice P. Influence of Keratinized Tissue on Short Dental Implants: A Parallel Cohort Retrospective Study on 217 Implants with a Mean Follow-up of 4.1 Years // The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants. – 2023;38(3):462-467. DOI:https://doi.org/10.11607/jomi.9918
20. Gehrke S.A., Dedavid B.A., Prados-Frutos J.C. Effects of different switched or not-switched implant and abutment platform designs and marginal bone loss on fracture strength: An in vitro study // The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. – 2022;128(1):55-62. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2020.11.038
21. Ghaffari T. Evaluation of implant abutment screw head deformation in hexagonal and star designs after successive tightening and loosening // Journal of Advanced Periodontology & Implant Dentistry. – 2023;15(1):60-63. DOI:https://doi.org/10.34172/japid.2023.001
22. Grunau O., Terheyden H. Lateral augmentation of the sinus floor followed by regular implants versus short implants in the vertically deficient posterior maxilla: a systematic review and timewise meta-analysis of randomized studies // International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. – 2023;52(7):813-824. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2022.11.015
23. Gupta R., Gupta N., Weber D.D.S. Dental Implants. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL) : StatPearls Publishing. 2023. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29262027/
24. Gurbuz E., Ceylan E., Yurttas M. Evaluation of the significance of keratinized mucosa on peri-implant tissue health: a prospective clinical trial // Australian Dental Journal. – 2023;68(2):105-112. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/adj.12955
25. Häggman-Henrikson B. Bruxism and dental implants: A systematic review and meta-analysis // Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. – 2023. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/joor.13567
26. Hamilton A. Implant prosthodontic design as a predisposing or precipitating factor for peri-implant disease: A review // Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research. – 2023;25(4):710-722. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/cid.13183
27. Hanozin B. Digital vs. conventional workflow for one-abutment one-time immediate restoration in the esthetic zone: a randomized controlled trial // International Journal of Implant Dentistry. – 2022;8(1):7. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-022-00406-6
28. Heimes D. How does dental implant macrogeometry affect primary implant stability? A narrative review // International Journal of Implant Dentistry. – 2023;9(1):20. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-023-00485-z
29. Hernández A.E. Assessment of Surgical and Radiographic Parameters for Abutment Height Selection: A Prospective Study with 1-Year Follow-up // The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants. – 2022;37(5):1037-1043. DOI:https://doi.org/10.11607/jomi.9446
30. Holanda Cavalcanti Pereira A.K. de. Mechanical behavior of titanium and zirconia abutments at the implant-abutment interface: A systematic review // The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. – 2022:S0022-3913(22)00050-6. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.01.006
31. Juan-Montesinos A. Comparative Study by Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Peri-Implant Effect of Two Types of Platforms: Platform-Switching versus Conventional Platforms // Journal of Clinical Medicine. – 2022;11(6):1743. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11061743
32. Kang Y. One-Abutment at One-Time in Posterior Edentulism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis // The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery. – 2023. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1097/SCS.0000000000009428
33. Kim Y.-M. Long-term effect of implant-abutment connection type on marginal bone loss and survival of dental implants // Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science. – 2022;52(6):496-508. DOI:https://doi.org/10.5051/jpis.2200960048
34. Kocak-Oztug N.A. Analysis of Biomarkers and Marginal Bone Loss in Platform-Switched and Nonplatform-Switched Implants: A Randomized Clinical Trial // BioMed Research International. – 2022;2022:2603287. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2603287
35. Körtvélyessy G. Different Conical Angle Connection of Implant and Abutment Behavior: A Static and Dynamic Load Test and Finite Element Analysis Study // Materials (Basel, Switzerland). – 2023;16(5):1988. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16051988
36. Kreve S. Relationship between dental implant macro-design and osseointegration: a systematic review // Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. – 2022. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10006-022-01116-4
37. Kwan J.C., Kwan N. The Effects of a Vertical Compressive Cyclic Load on Abutment Screws and the Stability of the Prosthesis in Nonengaging and Partially Engaging Abutments in a Screw-Retained Splinted Fixed Dental Prosthesis // The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants. – 2022;37(3):571-578. DOI:https://doi.org/10.11607/jomi.9542
38. Lal S.J., Weber D.D.S. Bruxism Management StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL) : StatPearls Publishing. 2023. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29494073/
39. Lemos C.A.A. Biomechanical Evaluation of Different Implant-Abutment Connections, Retention Systems, and Restorative Materials in the Implant-Supported Single Crowns Using 3D Finite Element Analysis // The Journal of Oral Implantology. – 2022;48(3):194-201. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1563/aaid-joi-D-20-00328
40. Liu F. Biomechanical influence of thread form on stress distribution over short implants (≤6 mm) using finite element analysis // Biomedizinische Technik. Biomedical Engineering. – 2022;67(1):53-60. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1515/bmt-2020-0215
41. Lombardo G. Short and ultra-short (<6-mm) locking-taper implants supporting single crowns in posterior areas (part II): A 5-year retrospective study on periodontally healthy patients and patients with a history of periodontitis // Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research. – 2022;24(4):455-467. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/cid.13103
42. Lorusso F. Microleakage and mechanical behavior of conical vs. internal hexagon implant-abutment connection under a cyclic load fatigue test // European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences. – 2023;27(3):122-127. DOI:https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_202304_31329
43. Manfredini D., Ahlberg J., Lobbezoo F. Bruxism definition: Past, present, and future - What should a prosthodontist know? // The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. – 2022;128(5):905-912. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.01.026
44. Mendes T.A. Wear of Titanium Implant Platforms with Different Abutment Connections and Abutment Materials: A Pilot Study // Journal of Functional Biomaterials. – 2023;14(4):178. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb14040178
45. Menini M. Comparison of Bone-Level and Tissue-Level Implants: A Pilot Study with a Histologic Analysis and a 4-Year Follow-up // The International Journal of Periodontics & Restorative Dentistry. – 2022;42(4):535-543. DOI:https://doi.org/10.11607/prd.4990
46. Mester A. Short Implants versus Standard Implants and Sinus Floor Elevation in Atrophic Posterior Maxilla: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials with ≥5 Years’ Follow-Up // Journal of Personalized Medicine. – 2023;13(2):169. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13020169
47. Naguib G.H. The Effect of Implant Length and Diameter on Stress Distribution of Tooth-Implant and Implant Supported Fixed Prostheses: An In Vitro Finite Element Analysis Study // The Journal of Oral Implantology. – 2023;49(1):46-54. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1563/aaid-joi-D-21-00023
48. Nourizadeh A. Comparison of reverse torque values of abutment screws with the application of oil-based and water-based antibacterial agents // Journal of Dental Research, Dental Clinics, Dental Prospects. – 2022;16(4):238-242. DOI:https://doi.org/10.34172/joddd.2022.038
49. Ortega-Martínez J. In vitro assessment of PEEK and titanium implant abutments: Screw loosening and microleakage evaluations under dynamic mechanical testing // The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. – 2022;127(3):470-476. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2020.09.033
50. Ozkan A. Dental Implants and Implant Coatings: A Focus on Their Toxicity and Safety // Journal of Environmental Pathology, Toxicology and Oncology: Official Organ of the International Society for Environmental Toxicology and Cancer. – 2023;42(2):31-48. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1615/JEnvironPatholToxicolOncol.2022043467
51. Park D.-U. Screw-and-cement-retained prosthesis versus cement-retained prosthesis: Which is more appropriate for the upper premolar area? // Journal of Dental Sciences. – 2022;17(4):1553-1558. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jds.2022.04.011
52. Raj H.K. Evaluation of Immediately Loaded Parallel Conical Connection Implants with Platform Switch in the Maxillary Esthetic Zone: A Prospective Clinical Study // The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice. – 2022;23(4):405-414. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35945833/
53. Rathe F. Influence of Anodizing Stages on the Preload Force of Implant-Abutment Screws and Their Benefits Regarding the Concept of Immediate Implant Placement-An In Vitro Study // Materials (Basel, Switzerland). – 2022;15(3):776. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15030776
54. Reis I.N.R.D. Influence of supracrestal tissue height on peri-implant hard and soft tissues of single implants placed in the esthetic area using the one abutment-one time approach: a 1-year prospective interventional study // Quintessence International (Berlin, Germany: 1985). – 2023;54(7):536-547. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3290/j.qi.b4009377
55. Ren S. Crown Accuracy and Time Efficiency of Cement-Retained Implant-Supported Restorations in a Complete Digital Workflow: A Randomized Control Trial // Journal of Prosthodontics: Official Journal of the American College of Prosthodontists. – 2022;31(5):405-411. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/jopr.13447
56. Ribeiro M.C. de O. Implant-supported crowns with locking taper implant-abutment connection: A systematic review and meta-analysis // The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. – 2022:S0022-3913(22)00379-1. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.06.005
57. Rodrigues V.V.M. Is the clinical performance of internal conical connection better than internal non-conical connection for implant-supported restorations? A systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials // Journal of Prosthodontics: Official Journal of the American College of Prosthodontists. – 2023;32(5):382-391. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/jopr.13655
58. Sagheb K. Preload and friction in an implant-abutment-screw complex including a carbon-coated titanium alloy abutment screw: an in vitro study // International Journal of Implant Dentistry. – 2023;9(1):8. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-023-00473-3
59. Saleh M.H. The Prosthetic-Biologic Connection and Its Influence on Peri-implant Health: An Overview of the Current Evidence // The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants. – 2022;37(4):690-699. DOI:https://doi.org/10.11607/jomi.9523
60. Schoenbaum T.R. Implant-Abutment Connections and Their Effect on Implant Survival Rates and Changes in Marginal Bone Levels (Δ): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 45,347 Oral Implants // The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants. – 2023;38:37-45. DOI:https://doi.org/10.11607/jomi.10411
61. Selvamani N. In Vitro Comparison of Loss of Torque between Gold and Titanium Alloy Abutment Screws in Dental Implants without Any Cyclic Loads // The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice. – 2022;23(8):801-806. DOI:https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3388
62. Sezer T., Kilic K., Esim E. Effect of Implant Diameter and Bruxism on Biomechanical Performance in Maxillary All-on-4 Treatment: A 3D Finite Element Analysis // The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants. – 2022;37(4):709-721. DOI:https://doi.org/10.11607/jomi.9419
63. Silva R.C.S. Titanium Dental Implants: An Overview of Applied Nanobiotechnology to Improve Biocompatibility and Prevent Infections // Materials (Basel, Switzerland). – 2022;15(9):3150. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15093150
64. Singh M. Evaluation of physical changes due to simulated loading on prosthetic screw supporting 4- and 6-unit implant prosthesis: An in vitro study // Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society. – 2022;22(4):389-397. DOI:https://doi.org/10.4103/jips.jips_48_22
65. Sivaswamy V., Bahl V. Surface Modifications of Commercial Dental Implant Systems: An Overview // Journal of Long-Term Effects of Medical Implants. – 2023;33(2):71-77. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1615/JLongTermEffMedImplants.2022042612
66. Tütüncüoğlu S. Clinical and biochemical evaluation of oral irrigation in patients with peri-implant mucositis: a randomized clinical trial // Clinical Oral Investigations. – 2022;26(1):659-671. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-021-04044-x
67. Verma V., Hazari P., Verma P. Biomechanical efficiency of different implant-abutment connection: a systematic review of studies using photoelastic stress analysis // Evidence-Based Dentistry. – 2023;24(2):92. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41432-023-00884-6
68. Vigolo P. Influence of Platform-Switched Restoration on Bone Resorption in Patients Treated with Wide-Diameter, External-Hex-Connection Dental Implants: A 10-Year Follow-up Study // The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants. – 2023;38(1):46-52. DOI:https://doi.org/10.11607/jomi.9744
69. Yang F. Abutment mechanical complications of a Morse taper connection implant system: A 1- to 9-year retrospective study // Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research. – 2022;24(5):683-695. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/cid.13115
70. Yi Y. Mechanical complications of implant-supported restorations with internal conical connection implants: A 14-year retrospective study // The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. – 2023,129(5):732-740. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.06.053
