Yekaterinburg, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
employee
Yekaterinburg, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
employee
Yekaterinburg, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
Yekaterinburg, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
The subject of the study was a comparison of a comprehensive assessment of the state of the oral cavity with the presence or probability of the formation of cognitive deficits – based on literature data and the results of their own observations. The aim of the study is to conduct a comparative analysis of non-traumatic tooth loss in people of different ages without signs of cognitive deficit and at the age of 60 years and older with signs of dementia and, on this basis, to determine the possibility of using data on the state of the dentition as a "reference point" for further predicting cognitive decline. At the 1st stage of the study, the age dynamics of the dental condition was studied in 110 patients aged 24–89 years, at the 2nd stage – counting the number of missing teeth in 93 patients of a psychogeriatric hospital aged 60 years and older suffering from dementia. The discussion of the results obtained when compared with the literature data showed that the absence of a significant number of teeth in older people as a result of their non-traumatic loss can serve as a "reference point" for further in-depth, comprehensive examination of the buccal epithelium, oral fluid as surrogate tissues, the condition of which may indicate brain pathology. A possible algorithm of this kind of research is presented, including several stages: a general assessment of the condition of the oral cavity with an emphasis on pronounced tooth loss of non-traumatic genesis at the age of 50 years and older; examination of the oral cavity for the presence of pathological microbial contamination; determination of the state of buccal cytogram nuclei and levels of protein S100B, Aβ and tau protein in the oral fluid. This algorithm may prove to be a convenient and easily feasible screening method for early diagnosis of cognitive deficits.
oral cavity, teeth, neurodegenerative process, cognitive disorders, algorithm for the study of the state of the oral cavity
1. Myakotnyh V.S., Meschaninov V.N., Borovkova T.A., Sidenkova A.P. Teoriya i praktika sovremennoy gerontologii. Ekaterinburg : OOO «IIC «Znak kachestva». 2022:280. [V.S. Myakotnykh, V.N. Meshchaninov, T.A. Borovkova, A.P. Sidenkova. Theory and practice of modern gerontology. Yekaterinburg : LLC "IIC "Quality mark". 2022:280. (In Russ.)]. https://www.twirpx.com/file/3712018/
2. Cao Q., Tan C-C., Xu W., Hu H., Cao X., Dong Q., Tan L., Yu J.-T. The prevalence of dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysi // J. Alzheimer's Disease. - 2020;73(3):1157-1166. http://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-191092
3. Reinhardt M.M., Cohen C.I. Late-life psychosis: Diagnosis and treatment // Curr. Psychiatry Rep. - 2015;17(2):1-13. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-014-0542-0
4. Bazarnyy V.V., Sidenkova A.P., Rezaykin A.V., Myakotnyh V.S., Borovkova T.A., Sel'kina E.O., Polushina L.G., Maksimova A.Yu., Van'kova E.A. Vozmozhnost' ispol'zovaniya rezul'tatov issledovaniya rotovoy zhidkosti i bukkal'nogo epiteliya v diagnostike bolezni Al'cgeymera. Uspehi gerontol. 2021;34(4):550-557. [V.V. Bazarny, A.P. Sidenkova, A.V. Rezaykin, V.S. Myakotnykh, T.A. Borovkova, E.O. Selkina, L. G. Polushina, A. Yu. Maksimova, E. A. Vankova. The possibility of using the results of the study of oral fluid and buccal epithelium in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Adv. Gerontol. 2021;34(4):550-557. (In Russ.)]. http://doi.org/10.34922/AE.2021.34.4.007
5. Zuev V.A., Dyatlova A.S., Lin'kova N.S., Kvetnaya T.V. Ekspressiya ab42, t-proteina, r16, r53 v bukkal'nom epitelii: perspektivy diagnostiki bolezni Al'cgeymera i tempa stareniya organizma. Byul. eksper. biol. 2018;11:627-631. [V.A. Zuev, A.S. Dyatlova, N.S. Linkova, T.V. Kvetnaya. Expression of ab42, t-protein, p16, p53 in buccal epithelium: prospects for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and the rate of aging of the body. Byul. exper. biol. 2018;11:627-631. (In Russ.)]. https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id = 36380508
6. Lee M., Guo J.-P., Kennedy K., McGeer E.G., McGeer P.L. A Method for Diagnosing Alzheimer’s Disease Based on Salivary Amyloid-β Protein 42 Levels // J. Alzheimer's Dis. - 2017;55(3):1175-1182. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-160748
7. Yilmaz A., Geddes T., Han B., Bahado-Singh R.O., Wilson G.D., Imam K., Maddens M., Graham S.F. Diagnostic Biomarkers of Alzheimer’s Disease as Identified in Saliva using 1H NMR-Based Metabolomics // J. Alzheimer's Dis. - 2017;58(2):355-359. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-161226
8. Pal'cev M.A., Kvetnoy I.M., Polyakova V.O., Litvyakova O.M., Sevast'yanova N.N., Durnova A.O., Tolibova G.H. Signal'nye molekuly v bukkal'nom epitelii: optimizaciya diagnostiki social'no znachimyh zabolevaniy. Molekulyarnaya medicina. 2012;4:18-23. [M.A. Palcev, I.M. Kvetnoy, V.O. Polyakova, O.M Litvyakova., N.N. Sevastyanova, A.O. Durnova, G.H. Tolibova. Signaling molecules in buccal epithelium: optimization of diagnostics of socially significant diseases. Molecular Medicine. 2012;4:18-23. (In Russ.)]. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/signalnye-molekuly-v-bukkalnom-epitelii-optimizatsiya-diagnostiki-sotsialno-znachimyh-zabolevaniy
9. Hattori H., Matsumoto M., Iwai K., Tsuchiya H., Miyauchi E., Takasaki M., Kamino K., Munehira J., Kimura Y., Kawanishi K., Hoshino T., Murai H., Ogata H., Maruyama H., Yoshida H. The tau protein of oral epithelium increases in Alzheimer's disease // J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. - 2002;57(1):64-70. http://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/57.1.m64
10. François M., Leifert W., Martins R., Thomas P., Fenech M. Biomarkers of Alzheimer’s Disease Risk in Peripheral Tissues; Focus on Buccal Cells // Cur. Alzheimer Res. - 2014;11(6):519-531. http://doi.org/10.2174/1567205011666140618103827
11. Michetti F., D'Ambrosi N., Toesca A., Puglisi M.A., Serrano A., Marchese E., Corvino V., Geloso M.C. The S100B story: from biomarker to active factor in neural injury // J. Neurochem. - 2018;148(2):168-187. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.14574
12. Kalashnikova S.A., Polyakova L.V. Ispol'zovanie bakterial'nogo lipopolisaharida dlya modelirovaniya patologicheskih processov v mediko-biologicheskih issledovaniyah (obzor literatury). Vestn. novyh med. tehnologiy. 2017;24(2):209-219. [S.A. Kalashnikova, L.V. Polyakova. The use of bacterial lipopolysaccharide for modeling pathological processes in biomedical research (literature review). Herald new medical technologies. 2017;24(2):209-219. (In Russ.)]. http://doi.org/10.12737/article_5947d50a4ddf68.91843258
13. Wingrove J.A., DiScipio R.G., Chen Z., Potempa J., Travis J., Hugli T.E. Activation of Complement Components C3 and C5 by a Cysteine Proteinase (Gingipain-1) from Porphyromonus (Bacteroides) gingivalis // J. Biol. Chem. - 1992;267(26):18902-18907. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(19)37046-2
14. Semencova E.A., Mandra Yu.V., Bazarnyy V.V., Polushina L.G., Svetlakova E.N. Markery vozrastnyh izmeneniy, opredelyaemye v tkanyah polosti rta (obzor literatury). Uspehi gerontol. 2021;34(2):217-225. [E.A. Sementsova, Yu.V. Mandra, V.V. Bazarny, L.G. Polushina, E.N. Svetlakova. Markers of age-related changes determined in the tissues of the oral cavity (literature review). Adv. gerontol. 2021;34(2):217-225. (In Russ.)]. http://doi.org/10.34922/AE.2021.34.2.005
15. François M., Leifert W., Hecker J., Faunt J., Martins R., Thomas P., Fenech M. Altered cytological parameters in buccal cells from individuals with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease // Cytometry A. - 2014;85(8):698-708. http://doi.org/10.1002/cyto.a.22453
16. Syrjälä A.M., Ylöstalo P., Ruoppi P., Komulainen K., Hartikainen S., Sulkava R., Knuuttila M. Dementia and oral health among subjects aged 75 years or older // Gerodontology. - 2012;29(1):36-42. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-2358.2010.00396.x
17. Kim J.M., Stewart R., Prince M., Kim S.W., Yang S.J., Shin I.S., Yoon J.S.. Dental health, nutritional status and recent-onset dementia in a Korean community population // Int. J. Geriatr Psychiatry. - 2007;22(9):850-855. http://doi.org/10.1002/gps.1750
18. Stewart R., Hirani V. Dental health and cognitive impairment in an English national survey population // J. Am. Geriatr Soc. - 2007;55(9):1410-1414. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01298.x
19. Sabbah W., Watt R.G., Sheiham A., Tsakos G. The role of cognitive ability in socio-economic inequalities in oral health // J. Dent Res. - 2009;88(4):351-5. http://doi.org/10.1177/0022034509334155
20. Zenthöfer A., Schröder J., Cabrera T., Rammelsberg P., Hassel A.J. Comparison of oral health among older people with and without dementia // Community Dent Health. - 2014;31(1):27-31. PMID: 24741890
21. Li J., Xu H., Pan W., Wu B. Association between tooth loss and cognitive decline: A 13-year longitudinal study of Chinese older adults // PLoS One. - 2017;12(2):e0171404. http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0171404
22. Tsakos G., Watt R.G., Rouxel P.L., de Oliveira C., Demakakos P. Tooth loss associated with physical and cognitive decline in older adults // J. Am. Geriatr Soc. - 2015;63(1):91-99. http://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.13190
23. Henriksen B.M., Engedal K., Axéll T. Cognitive impairment is associated with poor oral health in individuals in long-term care // Oral Health Prev. Dent. - 2005;3(4):203-207. PMID: 16475448
24. Olsen I., Singhrao S.K. Can oral infection be a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease? // J. Oral Microbiol. - 2015;7:29143. http://doi.org/10.3402/jom.v7.29143
25. Montgomery W., Ueda K., Jorgensen M., Stathis S., Cheng Y., Nakamura T. Epidemiology, associated burden, and current clinical practice for the diagnosis and management of Alzheimer's disease in Japan // Clinicoecon Outcomes Res. - 2017;10:13-28. http://doi.org/10.2147/CEOR.S146788
26. Iordanishvili A.K., Volodin A.I., Muzykin M.I., Lapina N.V., Samsonov V.V. Vozrastnye i gendernye osobennosti poteri zubov u naseleniya Krasnodarskogo kraya. Kubanskiy nauchnyy medicinskiy vestnik. 2017;24(5):31-36. [A.K. Iordanishvili, A.I. Volodin, M.I. Muzikin, N.V. Lapina, V.V. Samsonov. Age and gender features of tooth loss in the population of the Krasnodar Territory. Kuban Scientific Medical Bulletin. 2017;24(5):31-36. (In Russ.)]. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/vozrastnye-i-gendernye-osobennosti-poteri-zubov-u-naseleniya-krasnodarskogo-kraya
27. Chai Y.L., Chong J.R., Raquib A.R., Xu X., Hilal S., Venketasubramanian N., Tan B., Kumar A., Sethi G., Chen C.P., Lai M. Plasma osteopontin as a biomarker of Alzheimer’s disease and vascular cognitive impairment // Sci. rep. - 2021;11(1):1-11. http://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-83601-6
28. Comi C., Carecchio M., Chiocchetti A., Nicola S., Galimberti D., Fenoglio C., Cappellano G., Monaco F., Scarpini E., Dianzani U. Osteopontin is increased in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer's disease and its levels correlate with cognitive decline // J. Alzheimer's Disease. - 2010;19(4):1143-1148. http://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-2010-1309
29. Rentsendorj A., Sheyn J., Fuchs D.-T. et al. A novel role for osteopontin in macrophage-mediated amyloid-β clearance in Alzheimer’s models // Brain, behave., immun. - 2018;67:163-180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2017.08.019
30. Sun Y., Yin X.S., Guo H, Han R.K., He R.D., Chi L.J. Elevated osteopontin levels in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease // Mediators inflamm. - 2013;2013(Art. ID 615745):1-9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/615745
31. Zelenova E.G., Zaslavskaya M.I., Salina E.V., Rassanov S.P. Mikroflora polosti rta: norma i patologiya. Uchebnoe posobie. N. Novgorod : NGMA. 2004:158. [E.G. Zelenova, M.I. Zaslavskaya, E.V. Salina, S.P. Rassanov. Oral microflora: norm and pathology. Textbook. N. Novgorod : Publishing House of NGMA. 2004:158. (In Russ.)]. https://micropspbgmu.ru/micropspbgmu/Dopolnitelnaa_literatura_files/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%20%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%20%20%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%20%D0%B8%20%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F.pdf
32. Dominy S.S., Lynch C., Ermini F., Benedyk M., Marczyk A., Konradi A., Nguyen M., Haditsch U., Raha D., Griffin C., Holsinger L., Arastu-Kapur S., Kaba S., Lee A., Ryder M., Potempa B., Mydel P., Hellvard A., Adamowicz K., Hasturk H,. Walker G, Reynolds E., Faull R., Curtis M., Dragunow M., Potempa J. Porphyromonas gingivalis in Alzheimer’s disease brains: Evidence for disease causation and treatment with small-molecule inhibitors // Sci. Adv. - 2019;5(1):1-21. http://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau3333
33. Wingrove J.A., DiScipio R.G., Chen Z., Potempa J., Travis J., Hugli T.E. Activation of Complement Components C3 and C5 by a Cysteine Proteinase (Gingipain-1) from Porphyromonus (Bacteroides) gingivalis // J. Biol. Chem. - 1992;267(26):18902-18907. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(19)37046-2
34. Gurav A.N. Alzheimer's disease and periodontitis - an elusive link. Rev // Assoc. Med. Bras. - 2014;60(2):173-180. http://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.60.02.015
35. Naorungroj S., Schoenbach V.J., Beck J., Mosley T.H., Gottesman R.F., Alonso A., Heiss G., Slade G.D. Cross-sectional associations of oral health measures with cognitive function in late middle-aged adults: a community-based study // J. Am. Dent. Assoc. - 2013;144(12):1362-1371. http://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.2013.0072
36. Slade G.D., Ghezzi E.M., Heiss G., Beck J.D., Riche E., Offenbacher S. Relationship between periodontal disease and C-reactive protein among adults in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study // Arch. Intern. Med. - 2003;163(10):1172-1179. http://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.163.10.1172
37. Forner L., Larsen T., Kilian M., Holmstrup P. Incidence of bacteremia after chewing, tooth brushing and scaling in individuals with periodontal inflammation // J Clin Periodontol. - 2006;33(6):401-407. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2006.00924.x
38. Grammas P. Neurovascular dysfunction, inflammation and endothelial activation: implications for the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease // J. Neuroinflammation. - 2011;8:26-43. http://doi.org/10.1186/1742-2094-8-26
39. Grabe H.J., Schwahn C., Völzke H., Spitzer C., Freyberger H.J., John U., Mundt T., Biffar R., Kocher T. Tooth loss and cognitive impairment // J. Clin Periodontol. - 2009;36(7):550-557. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2009.01426.x
40. Liu L., Chan C. The role of inflammasome in Alzheimer's disease // Ageing Res Rev. - 2014;15:6-15. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2013.12.007
41. Stathis S., Cheng Y., Nakamura T. Epidemiology, associated burden, and current clinical practice for the diagnosis and management of Alzheimer's disease in Japan // Clinicoecon Outcomes Res. - 2017;10:13-28. http://doi.org/10.2147/CEOR.S146788
42. Tsuneishi M., Yamamoto T., Yamaguchi T., Kodama T., Sato T. Association between number of teeth and Alzheimer’s disease using the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan // PLoS ONE. - 2021;16(4):e0251056. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251056
43. Okamoto N., Morikawa M., Okamoto K., Habu N., Iwamoto J., Tomioka K., Saeki K., Yanagi M., Amano N., Kurumatani N. Relationship of tooth loss to mild memory impairment and cognitive impairment: findings from the Fujiwara-kyo study. Behav // Brain Funct. - 2010;6(77):2-8. http://doi.org/10.1186/1744-9081-6-77
44. Ranjan, R., Rout, M., Mishra, M., Kore, S.A. Tooth loss and dementia: An oro-neural connection. A cross-sectional study // J. Indian Society of Periodontology. - 2019;23(2):158-162. https://doi.org/10.4103/jisp.jisp_430_18
45. Yoo J.J., Yoon J.H., Kang M.J., Kim M., Oh N. The effect of missing teeth on dementia in older people: a nationwide population-based cohort study in South Korea // BMC Oral Health. - 2019;19(61):2-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-019-0750-4
46. Naorungroj S., Schoenbach V.J., Wruck L., Mosley T.H., Gottesman R.F., Alonso A., Heiss G., Beck J., Slade G.D. Tooth loss, periodontal disease, and cognitive decline in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Community Dent // Oral Epidemiol. - 2015;43(1):47-57. http://doi.org/10.1111/cdoe.12128
47. Qi X., Zhu Z., Plassman B.L., Wu B. Dose-response meta-analysis on tooth loss with the risk of cognitive impairment and dementia // Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. - 2021;22(10):2039-2045. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2021.05.009
