ROLE OF THE ALKALINE FACTOR IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF DENTAL CARIES
Abstract and keywords
Abstract (English):
Subject. This article analyzes existing theories about the prevalence and causes of dental caries, which is considered as a civilization disease. The crucial role of endogenous factors in the risk of caries, including a pulp and dental fluid, is noted. Data are given that acids do not actively participate in the process of demineralization, which is confirmed by numerous theoretical and hypothetical points. The role of some materials produced by dental industry based on this “pseudo-acidogenic” theory and used in the treatment of caries, as well as the false and negative consequences created by them in general, is analyzed, and adequate parallels are carried out. The purpose of the study was the theoretical justification of the key role of acetylcholine (the cholinomimetic mediator located on the Toms fibers) in the occurrence of dental caries. Methodology. Russian and foreign research works due to the etiology, prevalence and pathogenesis of dental caries were studied, and a comparative theoretical analysis of the available data on this issue was carried out. Results. Based on the results of numerous studies cited in the available literature and our studies, we performed an analysis of theoretical principles and substantiated the data that the process of demineralization occurring in dental caries cannot be caused by acids. Therefore, the only and decisive factor in the origin of the demineralization process is the occurrence of the process because of alkaline substances. Conclusions. Based on the studied references, we present the data that the most current theories of the etiopathogenesis of caries are imperfect in terms of solving the problem, which, in our opinion, requires further study of the process both of acetylcholine and the enzyme acetylcholinesterase inhibition in the local form and inside dental hard tissues.

Keywords:
pathogenesis of caries, acidogenic theory, pulp, dental fluid, mechanism of acetylcholine action
References

1. Borovsky, E. B., Leontiev, V. K. (1991). Biologiya polosti rta [Biology of the oral cavity]. Moscow : Medicine. (In Russ.)

2. Gamzaev, B. M., Ibragimova, L. K. (2003). Neizuchennyye aspekty patogeneza kariyesa zubov [On the role of dental cerebrospinal fluid in the carious process]. Novoye v stomatologii [New in dentistry], 6, 4. (In Russ.)

3. Gamzaev, B. M., Ibragimova, L. K. (2007). Neizuchennyye aspekty patogeneza kariyesa zubov [Unexplored aspects of the pathogenesis of dental caries]. Novoye v stomatologii [New in dentistry], 1, 18-19. (In Russ.)

4. Gamzaev, B. M., Ibragimova, L. K. (2012). Yeshche raz o kariyese [Once again about caries]. Problemy stomatologii [Problems of Dentistry], 1, 18. (In Russ.)

5. Zaitsev, A. V., Vatsenko, A. V. et al. (2012). Analiz chastoty karioznogo protsessa u predstaviteley zhivotnogo mira [Analysis of the frequency of the carious process in representatives of the animal world]. Vestnik problem biologii i meditsiny [Bulletin of problems of biology and medicine], 1 (94), 7-9. (In Russ.)

6. Kaplan, Z. M. (2006). O rasprostranennosti i intensivnosti kariyesa zubov sredi 15-20 letney molodezhi [On the prevalence and intensity of dental caries among 15-20 year old youth]. Stomatologiya detskogo vozrasta i profilaktika [Pediatric dentistry and prevention], 3-4, 15-16. (In Russ.)

7. Kutsevlyak, V. F. (2011). Mikrobnaya flora polosti rta v norme i yeye povrezhdayushchiye faktory pri patologii [The microbial flora of the oral cavity is normal and its damaging factors in pathology]. Stomatolog [Dentist], 10 (160), 28-31. (In Russ.)

8. Ed. Weaver, V. A. (2002). Klinicheskaya biokhimiya [Clinical Biochemistry]. Moscow : GEOTAR-Med, 360. (In Russ.)

9. Leontiev, V. K., Pakhomov, G. N. (2006). Profilaktika stomatologicheskikh zabolevaniy [Prevention of dental diseases]. Moscow, 416. (In Russ.)

10. Leontiev, V. K. (2003). Kariyes zubov -slozhnyye i nereshennyye problemy [Dental caries - complex and unsolved problems]. Novoye v stomatologii [New in dentistry], 6, 6-7. (In Russ.)

11. Lukinykh, L. M. (2003). Profilaktika kariyesa zubov i bolezney parodonta [Prevention of dental caries and periodontal diseases]. Moscow : Med. book, 196. (In Russ.)

12. Lutskaya, I. K. (1998). Mekhanizm formirovaniya ochaga podpoverkhnostnoy demineralizatsii emali [The mechanism of the formation of the focus of subsurface enamel demineralization]. Novoye v stomatologii [New in dentistry], 9, 8-19. (In Russ.)

13. Lutskaya, I. K. (2007). Fiziologiya zuba [Physiology of the tooth]. Sovremennaya stomatologiya [Modern dentistry], 37-40. (In Russ.)

14. Moroz, B. T. (2006). Vliyaniye depul'pirovaniya zubov na regulyatsiyu tsentral'nykh mekhanizmov obespecheniya fiziologicheskikh funktsiy [The influence of tooth depulpation on the regulation of central mechanisms of physiological functions]. Institut stomatologii [Institute of Dentistry], 3, 88-89. (In Russ.)

15. Ovrutsky. G. D., Leontiev, V. K. (1986). Kariyes zubov [Tooth decay]. Moscow : Medicine, 144. (In Russ.)

16. Okushko, V. R. (1989). Fiziologiya emali i problema kariyesa zubov [The physiology of enamel and the problem of dental caries]. Chisinau : Stientsa, 77. (In Russ.)

17. Sevbitov, A. V. (2015). Vvedeniye v kariyesologiyu i parodontologiyu [Introduction to cariesology and periodontology]. Mosocw : Phoenix, 141. (In Russ.)

18. Silin, A. V. et al. (2014). Osnovy stomatologii [The basics of dentistry]. Moscow : GOU VPO SZGMU im. Mechnikov, 191. (In Russ.)

19. Helwich, E., Klimek, I., Attin, T., eds. Politun, A. M., Smolar, N. I. (1999). Terapevticheskaya stomatologiya [Therapeutic dentistry]. Lviv, 409. (In Russ.)

20. Costa, S. M., Martins, C. C., Bonfim, M. L. et al. (2012). A systematic review of socioeconomic indicators and dental caries in adults. J Environ Res Public Health, 9 (10), 3540-3574.

21. Veiga, N., Pereira, C., Amaral, O. (2015). Prevalence and Determinants of Dental Caries in Portuguese Children. Procedia, 171, 995-1002.

22. Simon-Soro, A., Mira, A. (2015). Solving the etiology of dental caries. Trends Microbiol, 23 (2), 76-82.

23. Mattos-Graner, O. R., Klein, I. M., Smith, J. D. (2014). Lessons learned from clinical studies: roles of Mutans Streptococci in the pathogenesis of dental caries. Curr Oral Health Rep, 1 (1), 70-78.

24. Dye, B., Thornton-Evans, G., Li, X., Iafolla, T. (2015). Dental caries and tooth loss in adults in the United States, 2011-2012. NCHS Data Brief, 197.

25. Duangthip, D., Jiang, M., Chu, C. H., Lo, E. C. (2016). Restorative approaches to treat dentin caries in preschool children: systematic review. Eur J Paediatr Dent, 17 (2), 113-121.

26. Selwitz, R. H., Isamail, A. I., Pitts, N. B. (2007). Dental Caries. Lancet, 369 (9555), 51- 59.

27. Lopez, N., Simpser-Rafalin, S., Berthold, P. (2005). Atraumatic restorative treatment for prevention and treatment of caries in an underserved community. Am J Public Health, 95 (8), 1338-1339.

28. Colak, H., Dülgergil, C. T., Dalli, M., Hamidi, M. M. (2013). Early childhood caries update: A review of causes, diagnoses, and treatments. J Nat Sci Biol Med, 4 (1), 29-38.

29. Traeberta, J., Peresb, M., Galessoc, E., Zabotd, N., Marcenese, W. (2001). Prevalence and severity of dental caries among schoolchildren aged six and twelve. Cad Saude Publica, 35 (3), 283-288.

30. Costa, E., Domingues, J., Ferreira, J. C., Melo, P. (2009). Tratamento Medicamentoso de Lesoes Iniciais de Carie. Agentes terapeuticos remineralizantes. Port Estomatol Med Dent Cir Maxilofac, 50 (1), 43-51.

31. Reynolds, E. C. (1997). Remineralization of enamel subsurface lesions by casein phosphopeptide-stabilized calcium phosphate solutions. J Dent Res, 76 (9), 1587-1595.

32. Lima, J. E. (2007). Dental caries: new concept. Rev Dent Press Ortodon Ortop Facial, 12 (6), 119-130.

33. Duangthip, D., Jiang, M., Chu, C. H., Lo, E. C. (2016). Restorative approaches to treat dentin caries in preschool children: systematic review. Eur J Paediatr Dent, 17 (2), 113-121.

34. Ramponi, D. R. (2016). Dental Procedures. Adv Emerg Nurs J, 38 (3), 228-232.

35. Costa, S. M., Martins, C. C., Bonfim, Mde. L., Zina, L. G., Paiva, S. M., Pordeus, I. A., Abreu, M. H. (2012). A systematic review of socioeconomic indicators and dental caries in adults. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 9, 3540-3574.

36. Colak, H., Dulgergil, C. T., Dalli, M., Hamidi, M. M. (2013). Early childhood caries update: A review of causes, diagnoses, and treatments. J Nat Sci Biol Med, 4, 29-38.

37. Lussi, A., Hibst, R., Paulus, R. (2004). DIAGNOdent: an optical method for caries detection. J Dent Res, 83, 80-83.

38. Schneiderman, A., Elbaum, M., Shultz, T., Keem, S., Greenebaum, M., Driller, J. (1997). Assessment of dental caries with Digital Imaging Fiber-Optic TransIllumination (DIFOTI): in vitro study. Caries Res, 31, 103-110.

39. Angmar-Mansson, B., ten Bosch, J. J. (2001). Quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF): a method for assessment of incipient caries lesions. Dentomaxillofac Radiol, 30, 298-307.

40. Ashley, P. F., Blinkhorn, A. S., Davies, R. M. (1998). Occlusal caries diagnosis: an in vitro histological validation of the Electronic Caries Monitor (ECM) and other methods. J Dent, 26, 83-88.

41. Featherstone, J. D. (1999). Prevention and reversal of dental caries: role of low level fluoride. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, 27, 31-40.

42. Beauchamp, J., Caufield, P. W., Crall, J. J., Donly, K., Feigal, R., Gooch, B., Ismail, A., Kohn, W., Siegal, M., Simonsen, R. (2008). American Dental Association Council on Scientific Affairs Evidence-based clinical recommendations for the use of pit-and-fissure sealants: a report of the American Dental Association Council on Scientific Affairs. J Am Dent Assoc, 139, 257-268.

43. Trahan, L. (1995). Xylitol: a review of its action on mutans streptococci and dental plaque--its clinical significance. Int Dent J, 45, 77-92.

44. Smith, D. J. (2012). Prospects in caries vaccine development. J Dent Res, 91, 225-226.

45. Shanmugam, K. T., Masthan, K. M. K., Balachander, N., Jimson, S., Sarangarajan, R. (2013). Dental caries vaccine - a possible option? J Clin Diagn Res, 7, 1250-1253.

46. Douglass, J. M., Li, Y., Tinanoff, N. (2008). Association of mutans streptococci between caregivers and their children. Pediatr Dent, 30, 375-387.


Login or Create
* Forgot password?