Omsk, Omsk, Russian Federation
Omsk, Omsk, Russian Federation
Omsk, Omsk, Russian Federation
Omsk, Omsk, Russian Federation
employee
Omsk, Omsk, Russian Federation
student
Omsk, Omsk, Russian Federation
UDC 616.31
The use of dental implants (DIs) as support for restoring dental arch defects is increasingly becoming the method of choice in orthopedic dental rehabilitation. DIs significantly reduce occlusal loads on natural teeth, helping to maintain their functionality. The periodontium, with its extensive sensory innervation, is a key receptor site in the oral cavity. Periodontal mechanoreceptors are responsible for a wide range of sensations: pain, tactile perception, pressure, determination of tooth position, and proprioception. In clinical settings, to compensate for the difference in sensory potential between dental implants and natural teeth, it is common practice to reduce occlusal loads by decreasing the density of contacts. Research devoted to the analysis of occlusal relationships within the framework of this concept is limited. Objectives. Systematization and analysis of modern scientific data on the biomechanical principles of interaction between natural teeth and dental implants, as well as assessment of the impact of various types of dental defects on the distribution of chewing load. Methodology. To conduct the literature review, we searched and examined original articles and patents in the following databases: eLibrary, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. The primary selection of materials was based on keywords. Publications from 2015 to 2025 were considered. Results. The implant exhibits high resistance to chewing pressure, with less physiological mobility than natural teeth, while exerting occlusal pressure on the opposing tooth, resulting in force dominance. This interaction can lead to traumatic damage to the periodontal tissue of the opposing teeth, with possible destruction of the natural crown and the prosthetic crown. Conclusions. Correct reconstruction of the morphometric parameters of teeth and dental arches, along with precise modeling of dentures, will normalize the biomechanics of the masticatory system and restore the functioning of the neuromuscular mechanisms of the stomatognathic complex.
dental implant, tooth, occlusal load, biomechanics, chewing load, dentition defect, osteoperception, gnathodynamometry
1. Vafina K.I., Zhitko A.K., Zhitko R.K. Postoyannoe protezirovanie na implantate. Sovremennaya nauka: aktual'nye problemy teorii i praktiki. Seriya: Estestvennye i Tehnicheskie Nauki. 2023;(3):146-150. [Vafina C.I., Zhitko A.K., Zhitko R.K. Permanent prosthetics on the implant. Modern Science: actual problems of theory and practice. Series: Natural and Technical Sciences. 2023;(3):146-150. (In Russ.)]. http://www.nauteh-journal.ru/index.php/3/2023/%E2%84%9603/9eeb3c38-5324-4d00-8c50-3683e5f6c1d8
2. Iordanishvili A.K., Muzykin M.I., Zharova E.N. Proyavlenie zhevatel'nogo refleksa u pacientov, pol'zuyuschihsya ortopedicheskimi konstrukciyami na iskusstvennyh oporah. Izvestiya Rossiyskoy voenno-medicinskoy akademii. 2021;40(S2):104-110. [Iordanishvili A.K., Muzykin M.I., Zharova E.N. Manifestation of the masticatory reflex in patients using orthopedic structures on dental implants. Russian Military Medical Academy Reports. 2021;40(S2):104-110. (In Russ.)]. https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=46216907
3. Stafeev A.A., Hizhuk A.V., Viktorova I.A., Solov'ev S.I., Kasenov R.Sh., Sopocinskiy D.V. Osobennosti algoritma vedeniya pacientov s metabolicheskim sindromom pri protezirovanii nes'emnymi konstrukciyami s oporoy na dental'nye implantaty. 2025;28(4):76-82. [Stafeev A.A., Khizhuk A.V., Viktorova I.A., Solov’yev S.I., Kasenov R.Sh., Sopotsinsky D.V. Features of the algorithm for managing patients with metabolic syndrome during prosthetics with fixed structures supported by dental implants. Clinical Dentistry (Russia). 2025;28(4):76-82. (In Russ.)]. https://doi.org/10.37988/1811-153X_2025_4_76
4. Sadowsky S.J. Occlusal overload with dental implants: a review. International journal of implant dentistry. 2019;5(1):29. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-019-0180-8
5. Statenina E.A., Abolmasov N.N., Verhovskiy A.E., Serdyukov M.S., Kovaleva I.A., Minaev B.V. i dr. Vozmozhnosti i perspektivy ob'edineniya implantatov i estestvennyh zubov pri zameschenii defektov zubnyh ryadov (literaturnyy obzor) (Chast' I). Institut stomatologii. 2019;(1):102-103. [Statenina E.A., Abolmasov N.N., Verkhovskii A.E., Serdyukov M.S., Kovaleva I.A., Minaev B.V. et al. Opportunities and perspectives of tooth-implant connectionfor replacement of defects ofdentition (literature review). The Dental Institute. 2019;(1):102-103. (In Russ.)]. https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=39154493
6. Gvetadze R.Sh., Strekalov A.A., Smerdov A.A. Izuchenie vliyaniya okklyuzionnoy poverhnosti estestvennogo zuba, iskusstvennyh koronok s oporoy na dental'nyy implantat na raspredelenie napryazheniya metodom konechnyh elementov s uchetom koefficienta treniya. Stomatologiya. 2021;100(3):13‑18. [Gvetadze R.S., Strekalov A.A., Smerdov A.A. Study of the effect of the occlusal surface of a natural tooth and fixed partial dentures supported by dental implants on the stress distribution by finite element analysis. Stomatology. 2021;100(3):13‑18. (In Russ.)]. https://doi.org/10.17116/stomat202110003113
7. Assoratgoon I., Putra R.H., Hihara H., Kawata T., Chiba T., Rungsiyakull P. et al. Occlusal Contact Changes in Implant-Supported Fixed Prostheses: A Systematic Review. Journal of oral rehabilitation. 2025;52(11):2185-2194. https://doi.org/10.1111/joor.70015
8. Rozhnov S.M., Lomakin M.V. Eksperimental'noe sravnitel'noe issledovanie zubov i dental'nyh implantatov. Rossiyskaya stomatologiya. 2018;11(3):18‑24. [Rozhnov S.M., Lomakin M.V. The experimental comparative study of teeth and dental implants. Russian Journal of Stomatology. 2018;11(3):18-24. (In Russ.)]. https://doi.org/10.17116/rosstomat20181103118
9. Bashiri R., Luke A., Weiner S. Comparative Analysis of Sensory Responses from Dental Implants vs Natural Teeth: An In Vivo Study. The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants. 2023;38(2):321-327. https://doi.org/10.11607/jomi.9553
10. Mishnev M.L., Trezubov V.N., Rozov R.A., Tkacheva O.N., Veber V.R., Frolova E.V. i dr. Prognozirovanie sohranyaemosti vnutrikostnyh implantatov v uchastkah naibol'shey funkcional'noy nagruzki na implantacionnyy protez. Institut stomatologii. 2022;(3):88-89. [Mishnev M.L., Trezubov V.N., Rozov R.A., Tkacheva O.N., Veber V.R., Frolova E.V. et al. Predicting the survival rates of dental implants in areas of the highest functional load on the implant prosthesis. The Dental Institute. 2022;(3):88-89. (In Russ.)]. https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=49483817
11. Mao Z., Bleiel H., Beuer F., Böse M.W.H., Soetebeer M. Occlusal changes on implant-supported single crowns with one year follow-up after loading: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of dentistry. 2024;146:105000. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105000
12. Iordanishvili A.K. Professor Iosif Solomonovich Rubinov — uchenyy, klinicist, pedagog. Rossiyskiy stomatologicheskiy zhurnal. 2021;25(5):469-474. [Iordanishvili A.K. Professor Iosif Solomonovich Rubinov — scientist, clinician, pedagogue. Russian Journal of Dentistry. 2021;25(5):469-474. (In Russ.)]. https://doi.org/10.17816/1728-2802-2021-25-5-469-474
13. Muzykin M.I., Iordanishvili A.K., Vasil'ev A.G., Zabezhinskiy M.M., Serikov A.A. Sovremennye predstavleniya ob osteopercepcii i osobennostyah formirovaniya refleksov zhevatel'nogo apparata pri ispol'zovanii dental'nyh implantatov (obzor literatury). Klinicheskaya patofiziologiya. 2021;27(2):47-53. [Muzikin M.I., Iordanishvili A.K., Vasil´Ev A.G., Zabezhinskiy M.M., Serikov A.A. Modern concepts of osteoperception and the peculiarities of the formation of reflexes of the masticatory apparatus when using dental implants (literature review). Clinical Pathophysiology. 2021;27(2):47-53. (In Russ.)]. https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=65612176
14. Rozhnov S.M., Lomakin M.V. Sostoyatel'nost' zubov i implantatov: morfometricheskie harakteristiki v sravnenii s konstrukcionnymi osobennostyami. Rossiyskaya stomatologiya. 2015;8(2):49‑57. [Rozhnov S.M., Lomakin M.V. The teeth and implant consistence: the morphometric characteristics in comparison with design features. Russian Journal of Stomatology. 2015;8(2):49‑57. (In Russ.)]. https://doi.org/10.17116/rosstomat20158249-57
15. González-Gil D., Dib-Zaitum I., Flores-Fraile J., López-Marcos J. Importance of Osseoperception and Tactile Sensibility during Masticatory Function in Different Prosthetic Rehabilitations: A Review. Medicina (Kaunas). 2022;58(1):92. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58010092
16. Huang Y., van Dessel J., Martens W., Lambrichts I., Zhong W.J., Ma G.W. et al. Sensory innervation around immediately vs. delayed loaded implants: a pilot study. International Journal of Oral Science. 2015;7(1):49-55. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijos.2014.53
17. Song D., Shujaat S., Politis C., Orhan K., Jacobs R. Osseoperception following dental implant treatment: A systematic review. Journal of oral rehabilitation. 2022;49(5):573-585. https://doi.org/10.1111/joor.13296
18. Ponomarev A.A. Zakonomernosti stroeniya verhney i nizhney chelyustey v norme, pri razlichnyh vidah retencii i otsutstvii zubov mudrosti: avtoreferat dissertacii na soiskanie uchenoy stepeni doktora medicinskih nauk. Sankt-Peterburg; 2018. 39 s. [Ponomarev A.A. Patterns of the structure of the upper and lower jaws in the norm, with various types of retention and the absence of wisdom teeth: abstract of a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Medical Sciences. St. Petersburg; 2018. 39 p. (In Russ.)]. https://rusneb.ru/catalog/000199_000009_008706986/?ysclid=mo9v25qdce106009720
19. Kurtzman G.M., Zafiropoulos D. Oral hygiene and dental implant maintenance: part 1. Implant Practice US. Available from: https://implantpracticeus.com/ce-articles/oral-hygiene-and-dental-implant-maintenance-part-1/
20. Gvetadze R.Sh., Strekalov A.A. Vliyanie morfologicheskih parametrov estestvennyh zubov i nes'emnyh ortopedicheskih konstrukciy s oporoy na dental'nye implantaty na vremya okklyuzii. Stomatologiya. 2021;100(2):60‑63. [Gvetadze R.S., Strekalov A.A. Influence of morphological parameters of natural teeth and fixed partial dentures supported by dental implants on the time of occlusion. Stomatology. 2021;100(2):60‑63. (In Russ.)]. https://doi.org/10.17116/stomat202110002160
21. Kim Y.J., Ko K.H., Huh Y.H., Cho L.R., Park C.J. Initial change in the occlusal force and occlusal contact area following single molar implant restoration. The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants. 2021;36(6):1139-1146. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijs.12519
22. Zekiy A.O. Apparatnaya ocenka zhevatel'noy funkcii v prognoze adaptacii k ortopedicheskim konstrukciyam s oporoy na dental'nye implantaty. Institut stomatologii. 2017;(2):28-29. [Zekiy A.O. Instrumental evaluation evaluation of the chewing function in the prediction of adaptation to orthopedic constructions based on dental implants. The Dental Institute. 2017;(2):28-29. (In Russ.)]. https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=29436539
23. Sirak S.V., Zheurova M.O., Sirak A.G., Magomedova O.G., Arutyunova A.P. Intensivnost' reparativnoy regeneracii kosti v periimplantnoy zone v statike i pri zhevatel'nyh nagruzkah v eksperimente. V: Odincova I.A., Kostyukevich S.V., Sluckapya D.R., red. Voprosy morfologii XXI veka: Sbornik nauchnyh trudov 26-oy Vserossiyskoy nauchnoy konferencii; Sankt-Peterburg; 16–17 maya 2024 goda. Sankt-Peterburg: DEAN; 2024. S. 288-293. [Sirak S.V., Zheurova M.O., Sirak A.G., Magomedova O.G., Arutyunova A.P. Intensity of reparative bone regeneration in the peri-implant zone in statics and under masticatory loads in the experiment. In: Odintsova I.A., Kostyukevich S.V., Slutskapya D.R., eds. Issues of morphology of the 21st century: Collection of scientific papers of the 26th All-Russian scientific conference; St. Petersburg; May 16–17, 2024. St. Petersburg: DEAN; 2024. Pp. 288–293. (In Russ.)]. https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=67903337
24. Dashevskiy I.N., Shushpannikov P.S. Vliyanie profilya rez'by na pervichnuyu stabil'nost' dental'nyh implantatov. V: Usanov D.A., red. Metody komp'yuternoy diagnostiki v biologii i medicine - 2017: Materialy Vserossiyskoy shkoly-seminara; Saratov; 01 oktyabrya 2017 goda. Saratov: Saratovskiy istochnik; 2017. S. 133-136. [Dashevsky I.N., Shushpannikov P.S. Influence of thread profile on primary stability of dental implants. In: Usanov D.A., ed. Methods of computer diagnostics in biology and medicine - 2017: Proceedings of the All-Russian school-seminar; Saratov; October 1, 2017. Saratov: Saratov source; 2017. Pp. 133-136. (In Russ.)]. https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=32277114
25. Graves C.V., Harrel S.K., Rossmann J.A., Kerns D., Gonzalez J.A., Kontogiorgos E.D. et al. The Role of Occlusion in the Dental Implant and Peri-implant Condition: A Review. The open dentistry journal. 2016;10:594-601. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874210601610010594
26. Zaslavskiy R.S., Olesova V.N., Povstyanko Yu.A., Olesov E.E., Kobzev I.V. Trehmernoe matematicheskoe modelirovanie funkcional'nyh napryazheniy vokrug dental'nogo implantata v sravnenii s odnokornevym zubom. Rossiyskiy vestnik dental'noy implantologii. 2022;(3-4):4-10. [Zaslavsky R.S., Olesova V.N., Povstyanko Yu.A., Olesov E.E., Kobzev I.V. Three-Dimensional Mathematical Modeling of Functional Stresses Around a Dental Implant in Comparison with a Single-Root Tooth. Rossijskij vestnik dentalʹnoj implantologii. 2022;(3-4):4-10. (In Russ.)].
27. Vafina K.I., Zhitko A.K., Zhitko R.K. Postoyannoe protezirovanie na implantate. Sovremennaya nauka: aktual'nye problemy teorii i praktiki. Seriya: Estestvennye i tehnicheskie nauki. 2023;(3):146-150. [Vafina C.I., Zhitko A.K., Zhitko R.K. Permanent prosthetics on the implant. Modern Science: actual problems of theory and practice. Series: Natural and Technical Sciences. 2023;(3):146-150. (In Russ.)]. http://www.nauteh-journal.ru/index.php/3/2023/%E2%84%9603/9eeb3c38-5324-4d00-8c50-3683e5f6c1d8
28. Olesova V.N., Lesnyak A.V., Kalamkarov A.E. Sravnitel'naya harakteristika otdalennyh rezul'tatov protezirovaniya na implantatah razlichnyh sistem. Rossiyskiy stomatologicheskiy zhurnal. 2018;22(4):172-175. [Olesova V.N., Khafizov R.G., Shmatov K.V., Ivanov A.S., Martynov D.V. Dynamics of osteointegration of construction materials of dental implants on electron-microscopic estimation data and elemental analysis of the composition of bone tissue. Russian Journal of Dentistry. (In Russ.)]. https://doi.org/10.18821/1728-2802-2018-22-4-172-175
29. Trunin D.A., Sadykov M.I., Nesterov A.M., Postnikov M.A., Nesterov G.M., Chistyakova M.S. Problema ortopedicheskogo lecheniya bol'nyh s koncevymi defektami zubnogo ryada. Medicinskiy vestnik Severnogo Kavkaza. 2018;13(2):441-446. [Trunin D.A., Sadykov M.I., Nesterov A.M., Postnikov M.A., Nesterov G.M., Chistyakova M.S. The problem of orthopaedic dental treatment in patients with free -end edentulous spaces. Medical news of the North Caucasus. 2018;13(2):441-446. (In Russ.)]. https://doi.org/10.14300/mnnc.2018.13072
30. Shlyk A.D., Gil'manova N.S., Rudova A.I., Shirokova Yu.A., Voropaeva M.I., Belokonev V.A. Ocenka zhevatel'nogo davleniya v distal'nyh otdelah chelyustey pri ortopedicheskom lechenii s oporoy na implantaty. Mediko-farmacevticheskiy zhurnal Pul's. 2025;27(12):18-24. [Shlyk A.D., Gilmanova N.S., Rudova A.I., Shirokova Ju.A., Voropaeva M.I., Belokonev V.A. Assessment of chewing pressure in the distal parts of the jaws during orthopedic treatment based on implants. Medical & Pharmaceutical Journal «Pulse». 2025;27(12):18-24. (In Russ.)]. https://doi.org/10.26787/nydha-2686-6838-2025-27-12-18-24
31. Semenov A.D., Ushnickiy I.D., Ivanov A.V., Pinelis I.S., Unusyan O.S., Pinelis Yu.I. i dr. Sovremennye aspekty morfofunkcional'nyh izmeneniy chelyustno-licevoy oblasti pri chastichnom i polnom otsutstvii zubov, uchityvayuschiesya pri dental'noy implantacii. Yakutskiy medicinskiy zhurnal. 2025;(2):112-117. [Semenov A.D., Ushnitsky I.D., Ivanov A.V., Pinelis I.S., Unusyan O.S., Pinelis Yu.I. et al. Modern aspects of morphofunctional changes in the maxillofacial area in partial and complete absence of teeth in dental implantation. Yakut Medical Journal. 2025;(2):112-117. (In Russ.)]. https://doi.org/10.25789/YMJ.2025.90.24
32. Muddugangadhar B.C., Amarnath G.S., Sonika R., Chheda P.S., Garg A. Meta-analysis of Failure and Survival Rate of Implant-supported Single Crowns, Fixed Partial Denture, and Implant Tooth-supported Prostheses. Journal of international oral health. 2015;7(9):11-17. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26435609/
33. Al-Omiri M.K., Al-Masri M., Alhijawi M.M., Lynch E. Combined Implant and Tooth Support: An Up-to-Date Comprehensive Overview. International journal of dentistry. 2017;2017:6024565. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/6024565
34. Javali M.A., Sanadi R.M., Badruddin I.A., AlQahtani S.M., Khader M.A., Abdelrazag Ibrahim W.S. et al. Comparative analysis of occlusal stresses on bone around natural teeth, platform matched and switched implants abutments: a finite element study. Scientific reports. 2025;15(1):19541. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-02570-2
35. Ispas A., Craciun A., Kui A., Lascu L., Constantiniuc M. Occlusal forces and their transmission to the periodontium. Human & Veterinary Medicine. 2019;11(1):18–21. https://hvm.bioflux.com.ro/docs/2019.6-10.pdf
36. Zaslavskiy R.S., Olesov E.E., Glazkova E.V., Popov A.A., Zveryaev A.G., Olesova V.N. Biomehanicheskie usloviya protezirovaniya na implantatah na sovremennom etape. Rossiyskiy vestnik dental'noy implantologii. 2023;(1):25-31. [Zaslavsky R.S., Olesov E.E., Glazkova E.V., Popov A.A., Zveryaev A.G., Olesova V.N. Biomechanical conditions of prosthetics on implants at the present stage. Rossijskij vestnik dentalʹnoj implantologii. 2023;(1):25-31. (In Russ.)].
