Moscow, Moscow, Russian Federation
employee
Moscow, Moscow, Russian Federation
UDC 616.31
Subject. The study is based on data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and original clinical research dedicated to neurofunctional diagnostic methods in orthopedic dentistry. Objectives. The aim is to systematize the current scientific data on the role and clinical effectiveness of neurophysiological diagnostic methods in managing patients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction and occlusal disorders. Methods. In accordance with the PRISMA recommendations, a systematic search was conducted in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and CyberLeninka databases for the period 2020–2026. The methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool. Results. It has been established that surface electroneuromyography (ENMG) is the most accessible and informative method for detecting hypertonicity, asymmetry, and impaired coordination of the masticatory muscles. Ultrasonic elastography demonstrates high sensitivity to structural changes in the muscles and correlates with the severity of chronic pain. The study of the blink reflex and ENMG effectively differentiates myofascial and neuropathic pain. fMRI data confirm the presence of central sensitization and neuroplasticity in TMD, as well as the positive effects of orthopedic rehabilitation, especially in implant prosthetics. Conclusion. Neurophysiological methods are a key component of modern TMJ diagnostics, ensuring the transition from a symptomatic to a pathogenetically based treatment model. Their use enhances diagnostic accuracy, promotes personalized therapy, and should be considered an essential element of a comprehensive orthopedic approach.
neurophysiological diagnostics, electromyography, temporomandibular disorders, dental occlusion, implants, neuroplasticity, neurophysiology, trigeminal nociceptive system, surface electromyography
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