graduate student from 01.01.2023 to 01.01.2026
Zhukovsky, Moscow, Russian Federation
Cheboksary, Cheboksary, Russian Federation
UDC 616.31
CSCSTI 76.29
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) causes chronic acidification of the oral environment, creating aggressive conditions for dental materials and necessitating a well-founded selection of materials for removable plate dentures. Constant contact with gastric acid can lead to hydrolytic degradation of polymers and corrosion of metals, reducing the lifespan of the prostheses. The aim of this work is to conduct a systematic analysis of modern data on the behavior of denture base materials under conditions simulating the effects of gastric acid and to formulate practical criteria for their clinical selection based on this analysis. Based on a review of scientific publications over the past 10 years, a comprehensive assessment of the resistance of both traditional and modern materials, including heat-polymerized acrylics, CAD/CAM materials, and metal alloys, to an acidic environment was conducted. The study was based on key parameters: retention of flexural strength, stability of surface roughness, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility. The analysis results show that traditional polymethyl methacrylate significantly loses strength and its surface becomes rougher after acid exposure, which promotes microbial adhesion. At the same time, materials fabricated using digital technologies, such as CAD/CAM milled prepolymers, high-strength composites, and 3D-printed nanocomposites, demonstrate significantly higher stability of microstructure and properties. Among metals, cobalt-chromium alloy, especially when produced by milling, exhibits better corrosion resistance compared to nickel-chromium alloy. Biocompatible fiber-reinforced composites are also considered promising alternatives. Thus, for patients with GERD, priority should be given to selecting modern digital materials and additive manufacturing technologies that ensure high resistance to an acidic environment. The key selection criteria are resistance to HCl (pH 1.2–3.0), stability of mechanical properties and surface roughness, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility. Further standardized in vitro experimental studies are required to verify the long-term stability of these materials under conditions that closely mimic the clinical setting.
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), removable plate dentures, structural materials, acid resistance, corrosion, CAD/CAM, 3D printing, biocompatibility
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3. Lukina G.I., Ivannikova A.V. Vliyanie patologicheskih kislyh gastroezofageal'nyh reflyuksov na funkcional'nye i mikrobiologicheskie parametry polosti rta. Dental Forum. 2017;(3):28–32. [Lukina G.I., Ivannikova A.V. The effect of pathological acidic gastroesophageal refluxes on functional and microbiological parameters of the oral cavity. Dental Forum. 2017;(3):28–32. (In Russ.)]. http://den7208516.nichost.ru/DF_2017/Dental_Forum_%E2%84%963_2017.pdf
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5. Basmaci F., Bulut A.C., Soganci Unsal G. Impact of Simulated Gastric Acid and Surface Treatment on the Color Stability and Roughness of Zirconia. Applied Sciences. 2025;15(16):8802. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15168802
6. Aldhafyan M., Khan R., Saeed W.S., Al-Odayni A.B., Asiri R., Althagfan F. et al. In Vitro Hydrolytic Degradation of Giomer-Based and Fluoride-Releasing Bulk Fill Composites Simulated for Patients with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. ACS Omega. 2025;10(21):21621-21629. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.5c00784
7. Tinastepe N., Malkondu O., Kazazoglu E. Hardness and surface roughness of differently processed denture base acrylic resins after immersion in simulated gastric acid. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 2023;129(2):364.e1-364.e9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.12.001
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9. Bollepalli A., Viswanathan A.K., Balasubramaniam M. Effect of simulated gastric acid on the mechanical properties of conventional and polypropylene mesh reinforced poly methyl methacrylate denture base resin. The Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society. 2025;25(3):251-257. https://doi.org/10.4103/jips.jips_130_25
10. Aldhafyan M., Khan R., Saeed W.S., Al-Odayni A.B., Asiri R., Althagfan F. et al. In Vitro Hydrolytic Degradation of Giomer-Based and Fluoride-Releasing Bulk Fill Composites Simulated for Patients with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. ACS Omega. 2025;10(21):21621-21629. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.5c00784
11. Carneiro Pereira A.L., Dias A.C.M., Santos K.S., Andrade J.O., de Boa P.W.M., de Medeiros A.K. et al. Influence of salivary pH on the surface, mechanical, physical, and cytotoxic properties of resins for 3D-printed and heat-polymerized denture base. Journal of Dentistry. 2025;156:105721. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2025.105721
12. Dwivedi H., Tushar, Singh S., Rani P., Ananya, Kumar S. Analysis of the Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of 3D‑Printed Removable Partial Denture Base Materials. Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences. 2024;16(Suppl 1):S681-S683. https://doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_939_23
13. Alshahrani F.A., AlToraibily F., Alzaid M., Mahrous A.A., Al Ghamdi M.A., Gad M.M. An updated review of salivary pH effects on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)-based removable dental prostheses. Polymers. 2022;14(16):3387. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14163387
14. Bechir F., Bataga S.M., Tohati A., Ungureanu E., Cotrut C.M., Bechir E.S. et al. Evaluation of the behavior of two CAD/CAM fiber‑reinforced composite dental materials by immersion tests. Materials. 2021;14(23):7185. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14237185
15. Mercieca S., Caligari Conti M., Buhagiar J., Camilleri J. Assessment of corrosion resistance of cast cobalt- and nickel-chromium dental alloys in acidic environments. Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials. 2018;16(1):47-54. https://doi.org/10.5301/jabfm.5000383
16. Cotruț C.M. Materials and manufacturing techniques trends in prosthetic dentistry. Acta Stomatologica Marisiensis 2022;5(1):1-5. https://doi.org/10.2478/asmj-2022-0001
17. Borg W., Cassar G., Camilleri L., Attard N., Camilleri J. Surface Microstructural Changes and Release of Ions from Dental Metal Alloy Removable Prostheses in Patients Suffering from Acid Reflux. Journal of Prosthodontics. 2018;27(2):115-119. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopr.12470
18. Parunov V.A., Bykova M.V., Kazachkova M.A. i dr. Titan i ego splavy dlya zubnyh protezov: monografiya. Moskva: Novik; 2020. 83 s. [Parunov V.A., Bykova M.V., Kazachkova M.A. et al. Titanium and its alloys for dentures: a monograph. Moscow: Novik; 2020. 83 p. (In Russ.)].
19. Yoshizaki T., Akiba N., Inokoshi M., Shimada M., Minakuchi S. Hydrophilic nanosilica coating agents with platinum and diamond nanoparticles for denture base materials. Dental Materials Journal. 2017;36(3):333-339. https://doi.org/10.4012/dmj.2016-243
20. Chizhov Yu.V., Maskadynov L.E., Rubaylo A.I., Maksimov N.G., Truhin M.N. Izuchenie monomerov bazisnyh akrilovyh plastmass metodom spektrofotometrii. Institut stomatologii. 2018;(1):108-109. [Chizhov Yu.V., Maskadynov L.E., Rubaylo A.I., Maximov N.G., Trukhin M.N. Studying of monomers of basic acrylic plastic by spektrofotometriya method. The Dental Institute. 2018;(1):108-109. (In Russ.)]. https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=34964805
