Saint Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
employee
Saint Peterburg, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
student
Saint Peterburg, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
UDC 616.31
Relevance. Preparation of carious cavities is the key procedure in therapeutic dentistry aimed at caries treatment and restoration of functionality and aesthetics of teeth. The relevance of the topic is determined by: caries prevalence, development of modern technologies, minimally invasive approach that preserves healthy tissues, aesthetic requirements of patients, especially in the smile zone, prevention of complications, economic aspect. The aim of the review is systematization of modern preparation methods and justification of their relevance in therapeutic dentistry. Materials and methods. Scientific articles and original studies from PubMed, Google Search and eLIBRARY, cyberleninka were analyzed. 1072 publications published from 2015 to 2025 were found. Seventy-two publications were selected, among which various studies, review articles, and national guidelines were found. The data of the selected materials are described in the presented review. Results. Studies show that the choice of preparation technique depends not only on clinical features, but also on the individual characteristics of the patient. Despite the development of various preparation techniques, the majority of practicing doctors say that it is impossible to exclude from clinical practice the traditional method of prophylactic preparation (according to G.V. Black), in which a significant amount of unchanged tissue is excised, because each alternative method has its own positive and negative sides. Conclusion Traditional prophylactic preparation is universal, but a large amount of healthy tissue is excised. Laser and ultrasonic preparation are minimally invasive, but require expensive equipment. Air-abrasive and aqua-kinetic methods are comfortable for patients but are limited in deep caries. David Clark’s preparation technique was an important step in the development of minimally invasive dentistry, but is limited in extensive carious cavities and requires considerable practical skill. Microinvasive techniques (ICON, ozone therapy, microabrasion) have opened new possibilities for the treatment of initial caries and non-carious enamel lesions. The choice of preparation method depends on the clinical situation and availability of equipment. Improvement of technologies is aimed at improving treatment quality, reducing risks and improving patient comfort.
preparation of carious cavities, laser preparation, ultrasound preparation, air-abrasive preparation, aquakinetic preparation, traditional method of preparation
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