Actual problems in dentistry Actual problems in dentistry Проблемы стоматологии 2077-7566 2412-9461 100789 10.18481/2077-7566-2025-21-2-73-84 ТЕРАПЕВТИЧЕСКАЯ СТОМАТОЛОГИЯ THERAPEUTIC DENTISTRY ТЕРАПЕВТИЧЕСКАЯ СТОМАТОЛОГИЯ METHODS OF PREPARATION OF HARD TISSUES OF TEETH МЕТОДЫ ПРЕПАРИРОВАНИЯ ТВЁРДЫХ ТКАНЕЙ ЗУБОВ Орехова Людмила Юрьевна OREKHOVA Lyudmila Yu. prof_orekhova@mail.ru

доктор медицинских наук;

doctor of medical sciences;

 Лелеткина Наталья Алексеевна Leletkina Natalia A. lelet-dent@yandex.ru

кандидат медицинских наук;

candidate of medical sciences;

 Бородин Семен Александрович Borodin Semen A. borodin_sema@mail.ru Первый Санкт-петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И. П. Павлова Санкт-Петербург Россия First St. Petersburg State Medical University named after Academician I. P. Pavlov Saint Peterburg Russian Federation Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет И. П. Павлова Санкт-Петербург Россия Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University Saint Peterburg Russian Federation Первого Санкт-Петербургского государственного медицинского университета имени академика И. П. Павлова Санкт-Петербург Россия Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University Saint Peterburg Russian Federation 28 07 2025 28 07 2025 21 2 73 84 01 07 2025 https://dental-press.ru/en/nauka/article/100789/view

Актуальность. Препарирование кариозных полостей — ключевая процедура в терапевтической стоматологии, направленная на лечение кариеса и восстановление функциональности и эстетики зубов. Актуальность темы обусловлена: распространенностью кариеса, развитием современных технологий, минимально инвазивным подходом, сохраняющим здоровые ткани, эстетическими требованиями пациентов, особенно в зоне улыбки, профилактикой осложнений, экономическим аспектом. Цель — систематизация современных методов препарирования и обоснование их актуальности в терапевтической стоматологии. Материалы и методы. Проведен анализ научных статей и оригинальных исследований из базы данных PubMed, Google Search и eLIBRARY, CyberLeninka, где было найдено 1072 публикации, опубликованных с 2015 по 2025 год. Отобрано 72 публикаций, среди которых встречались различные исследования, обзорные статьи, национальные руководства. Данные отобранных материалов изложены в представленном обзоре. Результаты. Исследования показывают, что выбор методики препарирования зависит не только от клинических особенностей, но и от индивидуальных особенностей пациента. Несмотря на развитие различных методик препарирования, большинство практикующих врачей говорят о том, что исключить из клинической практики традиционный метод профилактического препарирования (по Г.В. Блэку), при котором иссекается значительное количество неизменённых тканей, невозможно, так как у каждого альтернативного способа имеются свои положительные и негативные стороны. Выводы Традиционное профилактическое препарирование, универсально, но при нём иссекается большое количество здоровой ткани. Лазерное и ультразвуковое препарирование — минимально инвазивны, но требуют дорогого оборудования. Воздушно-абразивный и аквакинетический методы комфортны для пациентов, но ограничены при глубоком кариесе. Препарирование по Дэвиду Кларку –– важный шаг в развитии минимально инвазивной стоматологии, но ограничено при обширной кариозной полости и требует значительных практических умений. Микроинвазивные методики открыли новые возможности для лечения начального кариеса и некариозных поражений эмали. Выбор метода препарирования зависит от клинической ситуации и доступности оборудования. Совершенствование технологий направлено на повышение качества лечения, снижение рисков и улучшение комфорта пациентов.

Relevance. Preparation of carious cavities is the key procedure in therapeutic dentistry aimed at caries treatment and restoration of functionality and aesthetics of teeth. The relevance of the topic is determined by: caries prevalence, development of modern technologies, minimally invasive approach that preserves healthy tissues, aesthetic requirements of patients, especially in the smile zone, prevention of complications, economic aspect. The aim of the review is systematization of modern preparation methods and justification of their relevance in therapeutic dentistry. Materials and methods. Scientific articles and original studies from PubMed, Google Search and eLIBRARY, cyberleninka were analyzed. 1072 publications published from 2015 to 2025 were found. Seventy-two publications were selected, among which various studies, review articles, and national guidelines were found. The data of the selected materials are described in the presented review. Results. Studies show that the choice of preparation technique depends not only on clinical features, but also on the individual characteristics of the patient. Despite the development of various preparation techniques, the majority of practicing doctors say that it is impossible to exclude from clinical practice the traditional method of prophylactic preparation (according to G.V. Black), in which a significant amount of unchanged tissue is excised, because each alternative method has its own positive and negative sides. Conclusion Traditional prophylactic preparation is universal, but a large amount of healthy tissue is excised. Laser and ultrasonic preparation are minimally invasive, but require expensive equipment. Air-abrasive and aqua-kinetic methods are comfortable for patients but are limited in deep caries. David Clark’s preparation technique was an important step in the development of minimally invasive dentistry, but is limited in extensive carious cavities and requires considerable practical skill. Microinvasive techniques (ICON, ozone therapy, microabrasion) have opened new possibilities for the treatment of initial caries and non-carious enamel lesions. The choice of preparation method depends on the clinical situation and availability of equipment. Improvement of technologies is aimed at improving treatment quality, reducing risks and improving patient comfort.

 препарирование кариозных полостей лазерное препарирование ультразвуковое препарирование воздушно-абразивное препарирование аквакинетическое препарирование традиционный способ препарирования preparation of carious cavities laser preparation ultrasound preparation air-abrasive preparation aquakinetic preparation traditional method of preparation

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