TRADITIONAL METHODS OF CHRONIC RECURRENT AFTHOUS STOMATITIS THERAPY

Elena Nikitina; Eleonora Borisova

doi:10.18481/2077-7566-20-17-1-26-31

UDC 61

TRADITIONAL METHODS OF CHRONIC RECURRENT AFTHOUS STOMATITIS THERAPY

Published in Actual problems in dentistry · Volume 17, Issue 1 · Pages 26–31 · Rubric: LITERATURE REVIEW

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18481/2077-7566-20-17-1-26-31

Received: 25.04.2021 Accepted: 28.11.2025 Language of publication: RUS

Authors

Elena Nikitina

Eleonora Borisova

Elena Nikitina

Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov Department of General Dentistry · St. Petersburg

Eleonora Borisova

Academic degree: doctor of medical sciences

Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov Professor of the Department · Department of Therapeutic Dentistry · St. Petersburg

ABSTRACT

Subject. Nowadays chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis (CRAS) is still one of the few unsolved problems of modern dentistry, covering about 20% of the population, according to the World Health Organization. This literature review provides information regarding the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment methods. Modern dentists dealing with the problem of CRAS, at the diagnostic stage, reveal various somatic pathologies, indicating their initial etiological cause of the disease onset. There are a lot of such reasons, but the majority of authors suppose that it is impossible to do without a complex etiopathogenetic treatment, consultations of related specialists in order to achieve a stable remission of CRAS. Many authors agree that physiotherapy should be included in the course of treatment along with medications. Despite a wide range of treatment methods, there is no really effective one, patients still suffer from relapses. The true etiological cause has also not been identified. Aim — the analysis of modern ideas concerning the etiology and treatment of chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis Materials and methods. The study was performed on the basis of the search and analysis of the original literature sources in the following databases: Russia State Library, eLibrary, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Google Scholar. The main selection of materials was carried out by keywords. Results. The review of the literature sources describes the current understanding of the etiology and treatment of chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis, the basic principles of physiotherapy of chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Conclusion. Analyzing the literature data, it can be concluded that the true cause of chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis is not known. Each case must be analyzed separately, a complete examination of the patient must be carried out, identifying concomitant somatic pathology. Among the methods of treatment, the most promising is an integrated approach - drug therapy with the addition of physiotherapy. The most modern is laser therapy.

KEYWORDS

chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis, therapy, etiology, laser therapy, Helicobacter Pylori

1. Azimbaev N.M. Etiologiya i prichiny vozniknoveniya hronicheskogo recidiviruyuschego aftoznogo stomatita polosti rta (obzor literatury). Molodoy uchenyy. 2016;26(130):189-193. [N.M. Azimbaev. Etiology and causes of chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis of the oral cavity (literature review). Young scientist. 2016;26(130):189-193. (In Russ.)]. https://moluch.ru/archive/130/35993/

2. Akintoy S.O., Grinberg M.S. Recidiviruyuschiy aftoznyy stomatit. Stomatologicheskie kliniki Severnoy Ameriki. 2014;58;2:281-297. [S.O. Akintoy, M.S. Grinberg. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Dental clinics in North America. 2014;58;2:281-297. (In Russ.)].

3. Anisimova I.V., Nedoseko V.B., Lomiashvili L.M. Klinika, diagnostika i lechenie zabolevaniy slizistoy obolochki rta i gub. Uchebnoe posobie. Moskva : Medicinskaya kniga : Stomatologiya. 2008:191. [I.V. Anisimova, V.B. Nedoseko, L.M. Lomiashvili. Clinic, diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the mucous membrane of the mouth and lips. Tutorial. Moscow: Medical book: Dentistry. 2008:191. (In Russ.)].

4. Cheng Dzh., Brar P. I dr. Associacii mezhdu celiakiey, defektami zubnoy emali i aftozom u potrebiteley v kogorte SShA. Zhurnal klinicheskoy gastroenterologii. 2010;44;3:191-194. [J. Cheng, P. Brar et al. Associations between celiac disease, dental enamel defects, and aphthosis in consumers in a US cohort. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology. 2010;44;3:191-194. (In Russ.)].

5. Marchini L., Sampos M.S., Sil'va A.M. Bakterial'noe raznoobrazie v aftoznoy yazve. Mikrobiologiya i immunologiya polosti rta. 2007;22;4:225-231. [L. Marchini, M.S. Sampos, A.M. Silva. Bacterial diversity in aphthous ulcer. Microbiology and immunology of the oral cavity. 2007;22;4:225-231. (In Russ.)].

6. Belenguer-Guallar I., Dzhimenez-Soriano I., Klaramunt-Lozano A. Lechenie recidiviruyuschego aftoustomatita: obzor literatury. Zhurnal klinicheskoy i eksperimental'noy stomatologii. 2014;6;2:168-174. [I. Belenguer-Guallar, I. Jimenez-Soriano, A. Claramunt-Lozano. Treatment of recurrent aphthoustomatitis: a literature review. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry. 2014;6;2:168-174. (In Russ.)].

7. Boldo A. Krupnye recidiviruyuschie aftoznye yazvy: opisanie sluchaya i obzor literatury. Medicinskiy sovet. 2008;72;5:271-273. [A. Boldo. Large recurrent aphthous ulcers: case description and literature review. Medical advice. 2008;72;5:271-273. (In Russ.)].

8. Borisova E.G., Griga E.S., Fedichkina M.K., Kannoeva M.V. Analiz kompleksnyh sudebno - medicinskih ekspertiz pri nedostatkah i neblagopriyatnyh ishodah endodonticheskogo lecheniya. Problemy stomatologii. 2019;15;3:164-168. [E.G. Borisova, E.S. Griga, M.K. Fedichkina, M.V. Cannova. Analysis of complex forensic medical examinations in case of deficiencies and unfavorable outcomes of endodontic treatment. Actual problems in dentistry. 2019;15;3:164-168. (In Russ.)]. https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=41212361

9. Borisova E.G., Komova A.A., Verbickiy E.S., Idris A.Ya. Gal'vanoz polosti rta. Problemy stomatologii. 2019;15(1):5-9. [E.G. Borisova, A.A. Komova, E.S. Verbitsky, A.Ya. Idris. Galvanosis of the oral cavity. Actual problems in dentistry. 2019;15(1):5-9. (In Russ.)]. https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=37602572

10. Borisova E.G., Griga E.S., Fedichkina M.K., Sheenko L.I. Izuchenie kachestva zhizni pacientov pri oslozhneniyah, voznikayuschih posle stomatologicheskih vmeshatel'stv. Problemy stomatologii. 2019;15(3):23-27. [E.G. Borisova, E.S. Griga, M.K. Fedichkina, L.I. Sheenko. Study of the quality of life of patients with complications arising after dental interventions. Actual problems in dentistry. 2019;15(3):23-27. (In Russ.)]. https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=41212340

11. Borisova E.G., Nikitenko V.V., Balin V.V., Roschupkina I.V. Izuchenie stomatologicheskogo statusa voennosluzhaschih s bolevymi sindromami polosti rta v razlichnyh klimatogeograficheskih usloviyah. Problemy stomatologii. 2019;15(1):44-48. [E.G. Borisova, V.V. Nikitenko, V.V. Balin, I.V. Roshchupkina. Study of the dental status of military personnel with oral pain syndromes in various climatic and geographical conditions. Actual problems in dentistry. 2019;15(1):44-48. (In Russ.)]. https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=37602579

12. Borisova E.G., Nikitina E.A., Komova A.A. Osobennosti klinicheskogo techeniya hronicheskogo recidiviruyuschego aftoznogo stomatita na fone gal'vanoza. Zdorov'e i obrazovanie v XXI veke. 2018;5:46-49. [E.G. Borisova, E.A. Nikitina, A.A. Komova. Features of the clinical course of chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis against the background of galvanosis. Health and education in the XXI century. 2018;5:46-49. (In Russ.)].

13. Borisova E.G., Komova A.A., Nikitina E.A. Osobennosti mikrocirkulyacii v slizistoy obolochke polosti rta pri hronicheskom recidiviruyuschem aftoznom stomatite i pri sochetanii hronicheskogo aftoznogo stomatita s gal'vanozom. Zdorov'e i obrazovanie v XXI veke. 2018;6:38-42. [E.G. Borisova, A.A. Komova, E.A. Nikitina. Features of microcirculation in the oral mucosa in chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis and in combination of chronic aphthous stomatitis with galvanosis. Health and education in the XXI century. 2018;6:38-42. (In Russ.)]. https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=35186155

14. Borisova E.G., Komova A.A., Nikitina E.A. Osobennosti sostoyaniya parodonta pri gal'vanoze. Zhurnal nauchnyh statey «Zdorov'e i obrazovanie v XXI veke». 2018;20;5:50-54. [E.G. Borisova, A.A. Komova, E.A. Nikitina. Features of the state of periodontal disease in galvanosis. Journal of scientific articles "Health and education in the XXI century." 2018;20;5:50-54. (In Russ.)]. https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=34964681

15. Borisova E.G., Komova A.A., Nikitina E.A., Pendyurina M.K. Ocenka kachestva zhizni u pacientov s bolevymi i paresteticheskimi simptomami slizistoy obolochki polosti rta. Zdorov'e i obrazovanie v XXI veke. 2018;20;9:57-61. [E.G. Borisova, A.A. Komova, E.A. Nikitina, M.K. Pendyurina. Assessment of the quality of life in patients with painful and paresthetic symptoms of the oral mucosa. Health and education in the XXI century. 2018;20;9:57-61. (In Russ.)]. https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=35727367

16. Borisova E.G., Polevaya L.P., Polevaya A.V. Sovremennye lazernye tehnologii v endodontii. Problemy stomatologii. 2020;16(4):30-34. [E.G. Borisova, L.P. Polevaya, A.V. Polevaya. Modern laser technologies in endodontics. Actual problems in dentistry. 2020;16(4):30-34. (In Russ.)]. https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=44667772

17. Bulkina N.V., Meleshina O.V., Lomakina D.O. Hronicheskiy recidiviruyuschiy aftoznyy stomatit: osobennosti klinicheskogo techeniya i kompleksnogo lecheniya. Saratovskiy nauchno-medicinskiy zhurnal. 2011;1:281-282. [N.V. Bulkina, O.V. Meleshina, D. O. Lomakina. Chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis: features of the clinical course and complex treatment. Saratov Journal of Medical Scientific Research. 2011;1:281-282. (In Russ.)].

18. Galimova I.A., Usmanova I.N., Hismatullina Z.R., Granot I., Gur'evskaya O.A., Ishmuhametova A.N., Sarvalieva A.F. Sovremennye aspekty etiopatogeneza, kliniki i lecheniya patologii slizistoy obolochki polosti rta u pacientov s zabolevaniyami zheludochno - kishechnogo trakta. Problemy stomatologii. 2020;16(2):5-10. [I.A. Galimova, I.N. Usmanova, Z.R. Khismatullina, I. Granot, O.A. Guryevskaya, A.N. Ishmukhametova, A.F. Sarvalieva. Modern aspects of etiopathogenesis, clinical picture and treatment of pathology of the oral mucosa in patients with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Actual problems in dentistry. 2020;16(2):5-10. (In Russ.)]. https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=43783700

19. Gileva O.S., Libik T.V., Pozdnyakova A.A., Satyukova L.Ya. Predrakovye zabolevaniya v strukture patologii slizistoy obolochki polosti rta. Problemy stomatologii. 2013;2:3-9. [O.S. Gileva, T.V. Libik, A.A. Pozdnyakova, L.Ya. Satyukova. Precancerous diseases in the structure of the pathology of the oral mucosa. Actual problems in dentistry. 2013;2:3-9. (In Russ.)]. https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=18976565

20. Tol'yamo K., N'emela S., Karvonen A.L. Gistopatologiya eroziy zheludka. Svyaz' s etiologicheskimi faktorami i hronicheskim techeniem. Helicobacter. 2011;16;6:444-451. [K. Tolyamo, S. Niemela, A.L. Karvonen. Histopathology of gastric erosions. Relationship with etiological factors and chronic course. Helicobacter. 2011;16;6:444-451. (In Russ.)].

21. Bakkaglini L., Lalla R.V., Bryus A.Dzh. i dr. Gorodskie legendy: recidiviruyuschiy aftoznyy stomatit. Bolezni polosti rta. 2011;17;8:755-770. [L. Bakkaglini, R.W. Lalla, A.J. Bruce et al. Urban legends: recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Diseases of the oral cavity. 2011;17;8:755-770. (In Russ.)].

22. Eshiev A.M., Azimbaev N.M., Abdykayymov A.T. Rezul'taty svetolecheniya v kompleksnoy terapii stomatitov. Mezhdunarodnyy zhurnal prikladnyh i fundamental'nyh issledovaniy. 2019;3:23-27. [A.M. Eshiev, N.M. Azimbaev, A.T. Abdykayimov. The results of phototherapy in the complex therapy of stomatitis. International Journal of Applied and Basic Research. 2019;3:23-27. (In Russ.)].

23. Kosyuga S.Yu., Klenina V.Yu., Ashkinazi V.I. Analiz struktury soputstvuyuschey obschesomaticheskoy patologii u pacientov s recidiviruyuschim aftoznym stomatitom. Sovremennye problemy nauki i obrazovaniya. 2015;1-1:1292. [S,Yu. Kosyuga, V.Yu. Klenina, V.I. Ashkinazi. Analysis of the structure of concomitant general somatic pathology in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Modern problems of science and education. 2015;1-1:1292. (In Russ.)].

24. Sirak S.V., Bykov I.M., Schetinin E.V. Kliniko-biohimicheskie aspekty mestnoy terapii hronicheskogo recidiviruyuschego aftoznogo stomatita. Novosti mediciny Severnogo Kavkaza. 2015;10;2:192-196. [S.V. Sirak, I.M. Bykov, E.V. Shchetinin. Clinical and biochemical aspects of local therapy of chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Medical news of the North Caucasus. 2015;10;2:192-196. (In Russ.)].

25. Lukinyh L.M., Uspenskaya O.A. Fizioterapiya v praktike terapevticheskoy stomatologii. Uchebnoe posobie. N.Novgorod : NGMA. 2005:36. [L.M. Lukinykh, O.A. Uspenskaya. Physiotherapy in the practice of therapeutic dentistry. Tutorial. N. Novgorod: NGMA. 2005:36. (In Russ.)].

26. Nedoseko V.B., Anisimova I.V. Algoritm obsledovaniya bol'nogo s zabolevaniyami slizistoy obolochki polosti rta. Institut stomatologii. 2003;2(19):32-36. [V.B. Nedoseko, I.V. Anisimova. Algorithm for examining a patient with diseases of the oral mucosa. Institute of Dentistry. 2003;2(19):32-36. (In Russ.)].

27. Borisova E.G., Griga E.S., Nikitina E.A. Patent RF № 2712788, MPK A61K 31/08(2006.01), A61K 31/14(2006.01), A61K 35/14(2015.01), A61K 35/74(2015.01), A61N 5/06(2006.01), A61P 1/02(2006.01). Sposob lecheniya hronicheskogo recidiviruyuschego aftoznogo stomatita: N 2019135785: zayavl. 06.11.2019. 2020. [E.G. Borisova, E.S. Griga, E.A. Nikitina. Patent RU No. 2712788, IPC A61K 31/08 (2006.01), A61K 31/14 (2006.01), A61K 35/14 (2015.01), A61K 35/74 (2015.01), A61N 5/06 (2006.01), A61P 1/02 (2006.01). Method for the treatment of chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis: N 2019135785: App. 11/06/2019. 2020. (In Russ.)].

28. Rabinovich I.M., Rabinovich O.F., Vahrushina E.V. Recidiviruyuschiy aftoznyy stomatit - klassifikacii, klinicheskie formy i lechenie (chast' II). Stomatologiya. 2010;3:76-80. [I.M. Rabinovich, O.F. Rabinovich, E.V. Vakhrushina. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis - classifications, clinical forms and treatment (part II). Dentistry. 2010;3:76-80. (In Russ.)].

29. Pretti L., Magik K., Radzhkumar K., Kartik R. Recidiviruyuschiy aftoznyy stomatit. Zhurnal chelyustno-licevoy patologii. 2011;15;3:252-256. [L. Pretty, K. Magik, K. Rajkumar, R. Kartik. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Journal of Maxillofacial Pathology. 2011;15;3:252-256. (In Russ.)].

30. Gomes K.K., Gomez R.S., Zina L.G., Amaral F.R. Recidiviruyuschiy aftoznyy stomatit i Helicobacter pylori. Medicina polosti rta patologiya polosti rta i hirurgiya polosti rta. 2016;21(2):187-191. [K.K. Gomez, R.S. Gomez, L.G. Zina, F.R. Amaral. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis and Helicobacter pylori. Oral medicine oral pathology and oral surgery. 2016;21(2):187-191. (In Russ.)].

31. Gonul M., Gul U., Kakmak S.K., Kilik A. Rol' diety u bol'nyh recidiviruyuschim aftoznym stomatitom. Evropeyskiy zhurnal dermatologii. 2007;17;1:97-98. [M. Gonul, U. Gul, S.K. Kakmak, A. Kilik. The role of diet in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis. European Journal of Dermatology. 2007;17;1:97-98. (In Russ.)].

32. Ron' G.I., Chernysheva N.D., Bushueva T.V. Rol' citokinov v razvitii hronicheskogo recidiviruyuschego aftoznogo stomatita. Ural'skiy medicinskiy zhurnal. 2010;8(73):9-10. [G.I. Ron, N.D. Chernysheva, T.V. Bushueva. The role of cytokines in the development of chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Ural Medical Journal. 2010;8(73):9-10. (In Russ.)].

33. Saluya R., Keyl A., Hallikerimat S. Opredelenie urovney podklassov IgA slyunnyh zhelez u pacientov s neznachitel'noy recidiviruyuschey aftoznoy yazvoy. Zhurnal chelyustno-licevoy patologii. 2012;16(1):49-53. [R. Saluya, A. Keil, S. Hallikerimat. Determination of salivary gland IgA subclasses in patients with minor recurrent aphthous ulcer. Journal of Maxillofacial Pathology. 2012;16(1):49-53. (In Russ.)].

34. Severina T.V. Primenenie fotoforeza metrogila denta v kompleksnom lechenii hronicheskogo recidiviruyuschego aftoznogo stomatita. Kubanskiy nauchnyy medicinskiy vestnik. 2013;6(141):158-160. [T.V. Severina. The use of metrogil dent photophoresis in the complex treatment of chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Kuban Scientific Medical Bulletin. 2013;6(141):158-160. (In Russ.)].

35. Sil'vermen S., Eversoul L.R., Trulav E.L. Zabolevaniya polosti rta. Moskva : MEDpress-inform. 2010:472. [S. Silverman, L.R. Eversole, E.L. Trulove. Diseases of the oral cavity. Moscow: MEDpress-inform. 2010:472. (In Russ.)].

36. Skalli S., Porter S. Zabolevanie slizistoy obolochki polosti rta: recidiviruyuschiy aftoznyy stomatit. Britanskiy zhurnal chelyustno-licevoy hirurgii. 2008;46;3:198-206. [S. Scully, S. Porter. Disease of the oral mucosa: recurrent aphthous stomatitis. British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2008;46;3:198-206. (In Russ.)].

37. Slebioda Z., Shponar E., Koval'ska A. Etiopatogenez recidiviruyuschego aftoznogo stomatita i rol' immunologicheskih aspektov: obzor literatury. Arhiv immunologii i eksperimental'noy terapii. 2014;62;3:205-215. [Z. Slabioda, E. Shponar, A. Kovalska. Etiopathogenesis of recurrent aphthous stomatitis and the role of immunological aspects: a literature review. Archive of Immunology and Experimental Therapy. 2014;62;3:205-215. (In Russ.)].

38. Uspenskaya O.A. Etiopatogeneticheskoe obosnovanie terapii hronicheskogo recidiviruyuschego aftoznogo stomatita na fone urogenital'noy infekcii : diss. ... dokt. med. nauk. 14.01.14. Tver', 2015:275. [O.A. Uspenskaya. Etiopathogenetic substantiation of therapy for chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis against the background of urogenital infection: diss. ... doct. med. sciences. 14.01.14. Tver, 2015:275. (In Russ.)].

39. Habibova N.N. Nekotorye aspekty vozniknoveniya hronicheskogo recidiviruyuschego aftoznogo stomatita polosti rta. Medicus. 2019;2:66-69. [N.N. Khabibova. Some aspects of the occurrence of chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis of the oral cavity. Medicus. 2019;2:66-69. (In Russ.)]. https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=39385772

40. Hasanova L.E., Pulatova R.S. Klinika hronicheskogo recidiviruyuschego aftoznogo stomatita na fone gel'mintozov. Problemy biologii i mediciny. 2020;122;5:152-155. [L.E. Khasanova, R.S. Pulatova. Clinic of chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis on the background of helminthiasis. Problems of biology and medicine. 2020;122;5:152-155. (In Russ.)].

41. Chernysheva N.D., Bushueva T.V. Immunologicheskie aspekty pri hronicheskom recidiviruyuschem aftoznom stomatite. Stomatologiya bol'shogo Urala. III Vserossiyskoe rabochee soveschanie po problemam fundamental'noy stomatologii. Ekaterinburg : Tirazh. 2015:44. [N.D. Chernysheva, T.V. Bushueva. Immunological aspects in chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Dentistry of the Great Urals. III All-Russian working meeting on the problems of fundamental dentistry. Yekaterinburg: Circulation. 2015:44. (In Russ.)].

42. Edgar N.R., Saleh D., Miller R.A. Recidiviruyuschiy aftoznyy stomatit: obzor. Zhurnal klinicheskoy i esteticheskoy dermatologii. 2017;10;3:26-36. [N.R. Edgar, D. Saleh, R.A. Miller. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis: an overview. Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology. 2017;10;3:26-36. (In Russ.)].

This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

JATS XML

Editor in Chief

Sergey Zholudev

zholudev_se@mail.ru

Deputy editor

Yuliya Mandra

jmandra@mail.ru

1253

downloads

This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Creative Commons

GOST

Nikitina E. A., Borisova E. G. TRADITIONAL METHODS OF CHRONIC RECURRENT AFTHOUS STOMATITIS THERAPY // Actual problems in dentistry. 2021. no. 1. pp. 26-31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18481/2077-7566-20-17-1-26-31. (Date of access 25.10.2026).

MLA

Elena Nikitina, Borisova E. G.. "TRADITIONAL METHODS OF CHRONIC RECURRENT AFTHOUS STOMATITIS THERAPY." Actual problems in dentistry 17.1 (2021): 26-31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18481/2077-7566-20-17-1-26-31.

APA

Nikitina E. A., Borisova E. G. (2021). TRADITIONAL METHODS OF CHRONIC RECURRENT AFTHOUS STOMATITIS THERAPY. Actual problems in dentistry, 17(1), 26-31. https://doi.org/10.18481/2077-7566-20-17-1-26-31

Chicago

Elena Nikitina, Borisova E. G.. "TRADITIONAL METHODS OF CHRONIC RECURRENT AFTHOUS STOMATITIS THERAPY." Actual problems in dentistry 17, no. 1 (2021): 26-31. https://doi.org/10.18481/2077-7566-20-17-1-26-31.

WIKI

{{cite journal | author = Nikitina E. A., Borisova E. G. | title = TRADITIONAL METHODS OF CHRONIC RECURRENT AFTHOUS STOMATITIS THERAPY | journal = Actual problems in dentistry | year = 2021 | volume = 17 | issue = 1 | pages = 26-31 | doi = 10.18481/2077-7566-20-17-1-26-31 }}

Copy

Export: BibTeX EndNote RefMan RusMARC

TRADITIONAL METHODS OF CHRONIC RECURRENT AFTHOUS STOMATITIS THERAPY

Confirmation