student from 01.01.2022 until now
Kazan, Kazan, Russian Federation
UDK 616.31 Стоматология. Заболевания ротовой полости и зубов
GRNTI 76.29 Клиническая медицина
“You can perform well what you see clearly if you can see well what you are doing” — this proverb perfectly explains why it is essential to study and apply magnification techniques in periodontology and implantology. With the rapid advancement and application of magnification tools and techniques, along with the extensive volume and diversity of research published in the last two decades, our goal was to systematize and comprehensively present the findings of these studies. We reviewed the historical development of the application of magnification methods in periodontology and implantology. Articles from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were selected using specific keywords related to the field. In the initial stage, irrelevant studies were excluded based on their titles and abstracts. Subsequently, full texts of the remaining articles were analyzed. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist, and those deemed to be of low quality were excluded from further analysis. This systematic approach ensured that only high-quality research was included, thereby enhancing the reliability and validity of the final conclusions drawn. Additionally, we examined microsurgery, its related instruments and equipment, as well as minimally invasive surgery, which are significant trends in modern dentistry. The use of magnification in periodontology and implantology offers advantages such as improved precision, extended tooth longevity after treatment, prevention of musculoskeletal disorders, passive wound closure, reduced tissue trauma, and enhanced treatment outcomes. However, there are drawbacks, including the need for specialized training and high costs. Considering the results of research over the past two decades and the significant progress in the application of magnification technologies in various dental procedures, it can be stated that the development and integration of magnification tools and minimally invasive treatment methods represent an important trend for further improving dental care in the future. In this regard, it appears that the future of dentistry will be impossible without the use of magnification technologies.
magnification, implantology, periodontology, MIS, microsurgery, microscope, loupe
1. Hamoun S., Sara A., Pramiti S., Prerana D., Paolo N., Seyed H.R., et al. Microsurgery in periodontics and oral implantology: a systematic review of current clinical applications and outcomes. Evidence-Based Dentistry. 2024;25(4):211-212. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41432-024-01024-4
2. Vibha C., Savita S. Periodontal Microsurgery - A Review. Journal of Advanced Research in Dental & Oral Health. 2023; 8(1&2):1-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2456.141X.202301
3. Dhir R., Jayasheela M., Triveni M.G., Shetru M. Periodontal Microsurgery: A Boon for Precision. Annals of Dental Sciences. 2022;1:611. https://doi.org/10.55085/ads.2022.611
4. Palombo D., Sicilia A., Sanz M. Implant surgery supported by the use of the microscope: critical analysis and practical application. Perio Clínica. 2022;02:31-46. https://perioclinica.com/en/clinical-cases/implant-surgery-supported-by-the-use-of-the-microscope-critical-analysis-and-practical-application/
5. Kaur H., Pant V.A., Gupta V. Magnification in Dental Ergonomics A Comprehensive Review. Advances in Bioscience and Clinical Medicine. 2022;10(1):21-25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.abcmed.v.10n.1p.21
6. Verma P., Sharma H., Tripathi P., Mehrotra S., Gaind S., Khatri M. Periodontal Microsurgery: Magnification and Beyond. International Journal of Applied Dental Sciences. 2022;8(1):535-538. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/oral.2022.v8.i1h.1474
7. Aldosari M.A. Dental Magnification Loupes: An Update of the Evidence. The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice. 2021;22(3):310-315.
8. Bud M., Jitaru S., Lucaciu O., Korkut B., Dumitrascu-Timis L., Ionescu C., et al. The Advantages of the Dental Operative Microscope in Restorative Dentistry. Medicine and Pharmacy Reports. 2020;94(1):22-27. https://doi.org/10.15386/mpr-1662
9. Shetty S., Vanasi M., Mathew M.R., Nishith R K, Ballal S., Shashidhar K. Periodontal Microsurgery - A Review. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology. 2020;5(11):774-777. https://bit.ly/3g7uixu
10. Reinhardt J.W., Romine J.J., Xu Z. Factors Contributing to Student Satisfaction with Dental Loupes and Headlights. European journal of dental education. 2020;24(2):266-271. https://doi.org/10.1111/eje.12493
11. Reshma A., Rashmi L., Sagar S., Sneh A., Deepak S., Ketaki U. Microsurgery in Periodontics: A Review. Journal of Advanced Medical and Dental Sciences Research. 2019; 7(6):41-47. https://doi.org/10.21276/jamdsr
12. Balakrishnan A., Arunachalam L.T., Sudhakar U. Minimally Invasive Surgery in Periodontics - A Review. IP International Journal of Periodontology and Implantology. 2019;4(4):130-137. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpi.2019.028
13. Hristov K., Mitova N., Gateva N. Magnification Tools in Dental Clinical Practice- Review. Problems of Dental Medicine. 2019;45(1):39-43. https://www.fdm.mu-sofia.bg/media/filer_public/67/5c/675cb7a4-de69-4b17-9d5f-746bb53e5276/broy_1-2019-6.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com
14. Mohan Kumar P., Jaswitha V., Gautami S.P., Ramesh K.S.V. Applications of Microscope in Periodontal Therapy Role in Magnification Really Matters. IP International Journal of Periodontology and Implantology. 2019;4(1):1-5. https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpi.2019.001
15. Zwicker D.H., Price R.B., Carr L., Li Y.H. Disinfection of Dental Loupes: A Pilot Study. Journal of the American Dental Association. 2019;150(8):689-694. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adaj.2019.03.008
16. Low J.F., Dom T.N.M., Baharin S.A. Magnification in Endodontics: A Review of Its Application and Acceptance Among Dental Practitioners. European Journal of Dentistry. 2018; 12:610-616. https://doi.org/10.4103/ejd.ejd_248_18
17. Eichenberger M., Biner N., Amato M., Lussi A., Perrin P. Effect of Magnification on the Precision of Tooth Preparation in Dentistry. Operative dentistry. 2018;43(5):501-507. https:////doi.org/10.2341/17-169-C
18. Corbella S., Taschieri S., Cavalli N., Francetti L. Comparative Evaluation of the Use of Magnification Loupes in Supragingival Scaling Procedures. Journal of investigative and clinical dentistry. 2018;9(2):e12315. https://doi.org/10.1111/jicd.12315
19. Perrin P., Eichenberger M., Neuhaus K.W., Lussi A. Visual Acuity and Magnification Devices in Dentistry. Swiss dental journal. 2016;126(3):222-235. https://doi.org/10.61872/sdj-2016-03-142
20. Mallikarjun S.A., Devi P.R., Naik A.R., Tiwari S. Magnification in Dental Practice: How Useful Is It? Journal of Health Research and Reviews. 2015;2(2):39-44. https://doi.org/10.4103/2394-2010.160903
21. Wong A.W., Zhu X., Zhang S., Li S.K., Zhang C., Chu C.H. Treatment Time for Non-Surgical Endodontic Therapy With or Without Magnifying Loupe. BMC Oral Health. 2015;15:40. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-015-0025-7
22. Jain R., Kudva P., Kumar R. Periodontal Microsurgery Magnifying Facts, Maximizing Results. Journal of Advanced Medical and Dental Sciences Research. 2014;2(3):24-34. https://jamdsr.com/uploadfiles/6.PeriodontalMicrosurgery-MagnifyingFacts,MaximizingResults.20140928070835.pdf
23. Deepa D., Mehta D.S., Vidhi M. Periodontal Microsurgery - A Must for Perio-Aesthetics. Indian Journal of Oral Sciences. 2014;5(3):103-108. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0976-6944.144505
24. Sitbon Y., Attathom T. Minimal Intervention Dentistry II: Part 6. Microscope and Microsurgical Techniques in Periodontics. British dental journal. 2014;216(9):503-509. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2014.356
25. Schoeffl H., Lazzeri D., Schnelzer R., Froschauer S.M., Huemer G.M. Optical Magnification Should Be Mandatory for Microsurgery: Scientific Basis and Clinical Data Contributing to Quality Assurance. Archives of plastic surgery. 2013;40(2):104-108. https://doi.org/10.5999/aps.2013.40.2.104
26. Maggio M.P., Villegas H., Blatz M.B. The Effect of Magnification Loupes on the Performance of Preclinical Dental Students. Quintessence international. 2011;42(1):45-55.
27. Shakibaie B. Uses of the Operating Microscope in Minimally Invasive Implantology. Quintessenz Journal. 2010;61(3):293-308. https://drshakibaie.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/quintessenz_en_03_2010.pdf%20
28. Cortellini P., Tonetti M.S. Improved Wound Stability With a Modified Minimally Invasive Surgical Technique in the Regenerative Treatment of Isolated Interdental Intrabony Defects. Journal of clinical periodontology. 2009;36(2):157-163. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051x.2008.01352.x
29. Tamai S. History of Microsurgery. Plastic and reconstructive surgery. 2009;124(6 Suppl):e282–e294. https://doi.org/10.1097/prs.0b013e3181bf825e
30. Cortellini P., Tonetti M.S. Minimally Invasive Surgical Technique and Enamel Matrix Derivative in Intra-Bony Defects. I: Clinical Outcomes and Morbidity. Journal of clinical periodontology. 2007;34(12):1082-1088. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051x.2007.01144.x
31. Belcher J.M. A Perspective on Periodontal Microsurgery. The International journal of periodontics & restorative dentistry. 2001;21(2):191-196.
