Saint Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
graduate student from 01.01.2020 to 01.01.2022
Saint Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
Saint Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
student
Saint Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
Saint Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
GRNTI 76.29 Клиническая медицина
Subject. Tobacco smoking is one of the risk factors of periodontal disease development; therefore, special attention should be paid to this group of patients in periodontal treatment management. Any pathological process in periodontium is directly or indirectly connected with microcirculatory disturbances. Therefore, the correction of these disturbances will promote the normalization of the periodontal morphofunctional status. Objectives. To study functional state of the microcirculatory channel system in the periodontal tissues of the young patients with different types of smoking. Matodology. Clinical examination of 240 patients was carried out with subsequent division into subgroups depending on the smoking type: smoking cigarettes, electronic cigarettes with liquids, tobacco heating systems and hookah with further division into subgroups depending on the smoking experience: up to 1 year, from 1 to 5 years, more than 5 years. Subsequently indices were determined: simplified index of oral hygiene according to Green–Vermillion (OHI-s, 1964), papillary-marginal-alveolar index (PMA modified by Parma, 1960), bleeding index SBI (Muehlemann modified by Cowell, 1975). For objective assessment of microcirculation in periodontal tissues we used high-frequency ultrasonic Dopplerography device "Minimax-Doppler-K" (LLC "SP-Minimax", St. Petersburg) with subsequent determination of average linear blood flow rate (Vas) and Gosling (PI) and Purcelo (RI) indices. Microcirculatory channel dynamics in periodontal tissues of the studied groups was studied in the state of physiological rest, immediately after smoking, in 15 minutes, in 30 minutes and in 60 minutes. Results. On the basis of the carried out research the distinctive indices of microcirculation in the periodontal tissues before and after different kinds of smoking as well as the functional state of the vascular architectonics were determined. Conclusions. The given research allows to understand at which types of smoking the smallest and the largest changes of microcirculation in periodontal tissues are observed and that also should be taken into account in daily clinical practice when seeing young periodontal patients who smoke.
smoking, microcirculation, ultrasound Doppler, diagnosis, periodontal diseases
1. Karasneh J.A., Al Habashneh R.A., Marzouka N.A.S., Thornhill M.H. Effect of cigarette smoking on subgingival bacteria in healthy subjects and patients with chronic periodontitis. BMC Oral Health. 2017;17(1):64. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-017-0359-4
2. Khemiss M., Ben Fekih D., Ben Khelifa M., Ben Saad H. Comparison of periodontal status between male exclusive Narghile smokers and male exclusive cigarette smokers. Am J Mens Health. 2019;13(2):1557988319839872. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1557988319839872
3. ALHarthi S.S.Y., Natto Z.S., Midle J.B., Gyurko R., O'Neill R., Steffensen B. Association between time since quitting smoking and periodontitis in former smokers in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) 2009 to 2012. J Periodontol. 2019;90(1):16-25. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/JPER.18-0183
4. Holliday R., Chaffee B.W., Jakubovics N.S., Kist R., Preshaw P.M. Electronic Cigarettes and Oral Health. J Dent Res. 2021;100(9):906-913. doihttps://doi.org/10.1177/00220345211002116
5. Hadzic S., Gojkov-Vukelic M., Pasic E., Jahic I.M., Muharemovic A., Huseinbegovic-Cengic A. The Effects of Smoking "The Hookah" on the Oral Health of Fourth, Fifth and Sixth-year Students of the Faculty of Dentistry in Sarajevo. Mater Sociomed. 2020;32(3):212-217. doihttps://doi.org/10.5455/msm.2020.32.212-217
6. Pagano S., Negri P., Coniglio M., Bruscoli S., Di Michele A., Marchetti M.C., Valenti C., Gambelunghe A., Fanasca L., Billi M., Cianetti S., Marinucci L. Heat-not-burn tobacco (IQOS), oral fibroblasts and keratinocytes: cytotoxicity, morphological analysis, apoptosis and cellular cycle. An in vitro study. J Periodontal Res. 2021;56(5):917-928. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/jre.12888.
7. Ebersole J.L., Steffen M.J., Thomas M.V., Al-Sabbagh M. Smoking-related cotinine levels and host responses in chronic periodontitis. J Periodont Res. 2014;49(5):642-651 doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/jre.12146
8. Fang S.C., Chen S., Trachtenberg F., Rokicki S., Adamkiewicz G., Levy D.E. Validity of Self-Reported Tobacco Smoke Exposure among Non-Smoking Adult Public Housing Residents. PLoS One. 2016;11(5):e0155024. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0155024
9. Huang I.C., Klosky J.L., Young C.M., Murphy S.E., Krull K.K., Srivastava D., Hudson M.M., Robison L.L. Misclassification of self-reported smoking in adult survivors of childhood cancer. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2018;65(9):e27240. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.27240.
10. Goel K., Sharma S., Baral D.D. et al. Current status of periodontitis and its association with tobacco use amongst adult population of Sunsari district, in Nepal. BMC Oral Health 21, 66 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-021-01416-3
11. Kanmaz M., Kanmaz B., Buduneli N. Periodontal treatment outcomes in smokers: A narrative review. Tobacco Induced Diseases. 2021;19:77. doihttps://doi.org/10.18332/tid/142106.
