Ekaterinburg, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
Yekaterinburg, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
Ekaterinburg, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
Ekaterinburg, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
Ekaterinburg, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
Ekaterinburg, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
Ekaterinburg, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
Ekaterinburg, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
Subject. Oral malodour (halitosis) in patients with periodontal disease. Objectives. To study and review the literature on local (dental) and general (internal diseases) factors causing halitosis in patients with periodontal disease. Conclusion. The present literature review provides a sufficient basis to state that the problem of halitosis is relevant; there is presented the overview of developed classifications and identified combinations of main causes of halitosis linking the extent of ozostomia to oral hygiene status and gingival hemorrhage. By modern molecular genetic technologies (polymerase chain reaction and 16S ribosomal RNA gene chipping), advances have been made in understanding the main role of uncultivated anaerobic oral pathogens associated with halitosis. The materials of this literature review help to get the complex idea of the problem of halitosis in patients with inflammatory periodontal disease and can be used by dental clinicians in health care practice.
halitosis, periodontal pathogens, oral hygiene, periodontal disease, gingivitis, periodontitis
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