employee
Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
student
Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
student
Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
student
Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
student
Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
UDC 616.31
Introduction. Modern dentistry is rapidly evolving due to the introduction of new materials and technologies, among which adhesive systems play a key role, promoting minimally invasive approaches and improving clinical outcomes. Fifth-generation adhesive systems are total-etch systems that form a durable hybrid layer, combining mechanical infiltration with chemical bonding to ensure the strength and longevity of the adhesive interface. Objective. To perform a comparative analysis of the elemental composition of the adhesive interface of fifth-generation adhesive systems with ceramic restorations using electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). Materials and Methods. A comparative laboratory study was conducted on the adhesive interface of domestic and foreign fifth-generation adhesive systems with lithium disilicate ceramic restorations. Ceramic surfaces were etched and silanized, followed by the application of the adhesive layer with subsequent light curing and incremental placement of a nanohybrid composite material. The elemental composition and distribution within the adhesive interface were determined using electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) with a JSM-IT300LV scanning electron microscope (JEOL, Japan) equipped with an X-MaxN 20 detector (Oxford Instruments). Multiple local spectra were analyzed for each sample to evaluate the depth of adhesive infiltration, hybrid layer uniformity, and local chemical interactions between the adhesive, ceramic, and dental tissues. Results. The results confirmed the effectiveness of fifth-generation adhesive systems in forming a reliable adhesive interface. The foreign adhesive system demonstrated a more uniform and stable interface, with clearly visible resin tags and homogeneous elemental distribution. The domestic adhesive system also formed an adhesive interface with a high proportion of polymer matrix and effective surface wetting, confirming its functional performance. Optimization of adhesive filler content and infiltration depth may enhance bond strength and durability. These findings indicate the promise of the domestic adhesive system and its potential to approach the performance level of leading foreign analogues.
adhesive systems, adhesion, ceramic restorations, adhesive interface, electron probe microanalysis, dental materials, import substitution in dentistry
1. Hamidova S.R., Hamidova S.R., Gadzhimuradova H.D. Ispol'zovanie adgezivnyh sistem v sovremennoy stomatologicheskoy praktike. Vestnik nauki. 2025;3(1):1344-1348. [Khamidova S.R., Khamidova S.R., Gadzhimuradova H.D. The use of adhesive systems in modern dental practice. Vestnik Nauki. 2025;3(1):1344-1348. (In Russ.)]. https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=79713749
2. Hasan A.M. Retrospektiva podhodov k formirovaniyu pokoleniy adgezivnyh sistem v stomatologii. Vestnik Chelyabinskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Obrazovanie i zdravoohranenie. 2022;(2):38–45. [Hasan A.M. Retrospective of approaches to the formation of generations of adhesive systems in dentistry. Bulletin of Chelyabinsk State University. Education and Healthcare. 2022;(2):38–45. (In Russ.)]. https://doi.org/10.47475/2409-4102-2022-10206
3. Breschi L., Maravic T., Mazzitelli C., Josic U., Mancuso E., Cadenaro M. et al. The evolution of adhesive dentistry: From etch-and-rinse to universal bonding systems. Dental Materials. 2025;41(2):141–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2024.11.011
4. Bourgi R., Kharouf N., Cuevas-Suárez C.E., Lukomska-Szymanska M., Haikel Y., Hardan L. A Literature Review of Adhesive Systems in Dentistry: Key Components and Their Clinical Applications. Applied Sciences. 2024;14(18):8111. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14188111
5. Bordina G.E., Lopina N.P., Andreev A.A., Nekrasov I.A. Dinamika razvitiya adgezivnyh sistem v stomatologicheskoy praktike. Rossiyskiy stomatologicheskiy zhurnal. 2022;26(1):63–74. [Bordina G.E., Lopina N.P., Andreev A.A., Nekrasov I.A. Dynamics of adhesive systems development in dental practice. Russian Journal of Dentistry. 2022;26(1):63–74. (In Russ.)]. https://doi.org/10.17816/1728-2802-2022-26-1-63-74
6. Staehle H. J., Sekundo C. 75 Years Ago: Discovery of Resin Adhesion to Acid-etched Enamel — A Comparison of the 1949 and 1955 Methods. Journal of Adhesive Dentistry. 2024;26:87–92. https://doi.org/10.3290/j.jad.b5057135
7. Sebold M., André C.B., Sahadi B O., Breschi L., Giannini M. Chronological history and current advancements of dental adhesive systems development: a narrative review. Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology. 2021;35(18):1941–1967. https://doi.org/10.1080/01694243.2020.1865611
8. Singh S., Chandrashekhar P. The hybrid layer paradox: Rethinking the foundations of adhesive dentistry. Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics. 2025;28(12):1181–1182. https://doi.org/10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_988_25
9. Alkattan R. Adhesion to enamel and dentine: an update. Primary Dental Journal. 2023;12(3):33–42. https://doi.org/10.1177/20501684231196756
10. Naik A., Narasimha V.V., Yesaswani B., Mishra B., Kumar K. Hybrid layer and hybridization of dental hard tissues: mechanisms, properties, and clinical implications. International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research. 2025;7(5). https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i05.55720
11. Delgado A., Ahmed M., Ferreira M., Azul A., Polido M., Yoshihara K. et al. Physico-Chemical Properties and Performance of Functional Monomers Used in Contemporary Dental Adhesive Technology. Journal of Adhesive Dentistry. 2025;27:175–193. https://doi.org/10.3290/j.jad.c_2297
12. Pimentel de Oliveira R., de Paula B.L., Ribeiro M.E., Alves E., Costi H.T., Silva C. Evaluation of the Bond Strength of Self-Etching Adhesive Systems Containing HEMA and 10-MDP Monomers: Bond Strength of Adhesives Containing HEMA and 10-MDP. International Journal of Dentistry. 2022;2022:5756649. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5756649
13. Mokeem L.S., Garcia I.M., Melo M.A. Degradation and Failure Phenomena at the Dentin Bonding Interface. Biomedicines. 2023;11(5):1256. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11051256
14. Brandt W.C., Silva I D., Matos A C., Gonçalves F., Boaro L. Improving Bonding Durability in Dental Restorations: The Impact of Bioactive and Reinforcement Particles on Universal Adhesives. Materials. 2025;18(19):4433. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18194433
15. Liu X., Yao X., Zhang R., Sun L., Zhang Z., Zhao Y. et al. Recent advances in glass-ceramics: Performance and toughening mechanisms in restorative dentistry. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials. 2024;112(1):e35334. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.35334
16. Sikri A., Sikri J. Recent Advances in Dental Ceramics: A Narrative Review. ICON Journal of Applied Medical Sciences. 2025;1(4):23–26. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.17636388
17. Sarhan H., Mehesen R., Hamama H., Mahmoud S.H. Elemental analysis and micromorphological patterns of tooth/restoration interface of three ion-releasing class V restorations. BMC Oral Health. 2024;24(1):1221. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-024-04944-w
18. Preoteasa E., Preoteasa E., Suciu I., Bartok R. Atomic and nuclear surface analysis methods for dental materials: A review. AIMS Materials Science. 2018;5(4):781–844. https://doi.org/10.3934/matersci.2018.4.781
19. Tonkonog V.V. Aktual'nye voprosy importa medicinskih izdeliy i oborudovaniya v Rossiyskuyu Federaciyu. Problemy social'noy gigieny, zdravoohraneniya i istorii mediciny. 2024;32(S2):1176–1180. [Tonkonog V.V. Current issues of import of medical devices and equipment to the Russian Federation. Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2024;32(S2):1176–1180. (In Russ.)]. https://doi.org/10.32687/0869-866X-2024-32-s2-1176-1180 https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=74621979
20. Tonkonog V.V. Problemy i perspektivy importozamescheniya v medicinskoy promyshlennosti. Problemy social'noy gigieny, zdravoohraneniya i istorii mediciny. 2024;32(3):339–345. [Tonkonog V.V. The problems and prospects of import substitution in medical industry. Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2024;32(3):339–345. (In Russ.)]. https://doi.org/10.32687/0869-866X-2024-32-3-339-345 https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=68366648
21. Kaur K., Talibi M., Parmar H. Do you know your ceramics? Part 3: lithium disilicate. British Dental Journal. 2022;232(3):147–150. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41415-022-3882-x
22. Guaita-Sáez R., Montiel-Company J.M., Agustín-Panadero R., Fons-Badal C., Serra-Pastor B., Solá-Ruiz M.F. Analysis of Different Lithium Disilicate Ceramics According to Their Composition and Processing Technique — A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Materials. 2025;18(12):2709. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18122709
23. Al-Johani H., Haider J., Satterthwaite J., Silikas N. Lithium Silicate-Based Glass Ceramics in Dentistry: A Narrative Review. Prosthesis. 2024;6(3):478–505. https://doi.org/10.3390/prosthesis6030034
24. Ismail I.H., Razak N A., Ramzi N M., Yusof M M. Microtensile Bond Strength of Total-Etch and Self-Etch Universal Adhesives Containing 10-MDP: A Systematic Review. The Journal of Dentists. 2022;10:12–24. https://doi.org/10.12974/2311-8695.2022.10.03
