Москва, г. Москва и Московская область, Россия
аспирант
Москва, г. Москва и Московская область, Россия
Москва, г. Москва и Московская область, Россия
Москва, г. Москва и Московская область, Россия
УДК 616.31 Стоматология. Заболевания ротовой полости и зубов
Актуальной проблемой современной имплантологии остается разработка материалов и методов восстановления целостности костной ткани при возникновении ее дефектов. Важный аспект проблемы — обоснованность выбора остеопластического материала. Несмотря на достаточно успешное применение различных видов остеопластических материалов в клинической имплантологии, вопрос закрытия дефектов костной ткани остается предметом дискуссий и требует дальнейшего поиска и апробации различных остеопластических материалов. Цель исследования — провести анализ специализированной научной литературы по вопросу применяемых современных материалов при репаративной регенерации костной ткани челюстно-лицевой области и описать характеристики наиболее часто встречающихся остеопластических материалов для лечения дефектов костной ткани. Методология. Основу настоящего литературного обзора составили 63 источника из следующих баз данных: PubMed, PubMed Central, Scopus, Medscape, Elibrary, ResearchGate, Google Scholar. Результаты. Представлено описание остеоиндуктивных материалов, применяемых при замещении костных дефектов в современной клинической практике: керамики, биокомпозиты на их основе, кораллы, синтетические кости, культуры мезенхимальных стволовых клеток, 3D-принтинг и др. Акценты сделаны на преимуществах и недостатках этих материалов. Выводы. На основании проведенного анализа литературы можно заключить, что проблема разработки и внедрения в клиническую практику остеопластических материалов — это сложная и многоуровневая сфера совместной деятельности специалистов различных областей. Наиболее перспективными направлениями для дальнейших исследований являются модификации остеопластических материалов на основе керамики с целью повышения их плотности, а также дополнительное культивирование мезенхимальных стволовых клеток и 3D-принтинг. Однако данные методы замещения обширных дефектов костной ткани также нуждаются в совершенствовании и в новых исследованиях.
остеорегенерация, остеопластический материал, мезенхимальные стволовые клетки, 3D-принтинг, костный дефект
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