<!DOCTYPE article
PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20190208//EN"
       "JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.4" xml:lang="en">
 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Actual problems in dentistry</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Actual problems in dentistry</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Проблемы стоматологии</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">2077-7566</issn>
   <issn publication-format="online">2412-9461</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">75182</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18481/2077-7566-2023-19-4-131-135</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>ОРТОПЕДИЧЕСКАЯ СТОМАТОЛОГИЯ</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>ORTHOPEDIC  DENTISTRY</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>ОРТОПЕДИЧЕСКАЯ СТОМАТОЛОГИЯ</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">EFFECT OF ARTIFICIAL AGING ON THE CHANGE OF ROUGHNESS OF GLAZED AND POLISHED ZIRCONIUM DIOXIDE SURFACE: IN VITRO STUDY</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>ВЛИЯНИЕ ИСКУССТВЕННОГО СТАРЕНИЯ НА ИЗМЕНЕНИЕ ШЕРОХОВАТОСТИ ГЛАЗУРОВАННОЙ И ПОЛИРОВАННОЙ ПОВЕРХНОСТИ ДИОКСИДА ЦИРКОНИЯ: ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ IN VITRO</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Морданов</surname>
       <given-names>Олег Сергеевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Mordanov</surname>
       <given-names>Oleg Sergeevich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>mordanov-os@rudn.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Хабадзе</surname>
       <given-names>Зураб Суликоевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Khabadze</surname>
       <given-names>Zurab Sulikoevich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>dr.zura@mail.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат медицинских наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of medical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Меремкулов</surname>
       <given-names>Роман Абидимович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Meremkulov</surname>
       <given-names>Roman A.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>Meremkulov-RA@rudn.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Морданова</surname>
       <given-names>Анастасия Вячеславовна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Mordanova</surname>
       <given-names>Anastasia V.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>mordanova-av@rudn.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Peoples' Friendship University of Russia</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Peoples' Friendship University of Russia</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Peoples' Friendship University of Russia</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-4">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Peoples' Friendship University of Russia</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-12-28T12:06:08+03:00">
    <day>28</day>
    <month>12</month>
    <year>2023</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-12-28T12:06:08+03:00">
    <day>28</day>
    <month>12</month>
    <year>2023</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>19</volume>
   <issue>4</issue>
   <fpage>131</fpage>
   <lpage>135</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-12-03T12:06:08+03:00">
     <day>03</day>
     <month>12</month>
     <year>2023</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-12-10T12:06:08+03:00">
     <day>10</day>
     <month>12</month>
     <year>2023</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://dental-press.ru/en/nauka/article/75182/view">https://dental-press.ru/en/nauka/article/75182/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Цель — оценка характеристик глазурованной и полированной поверхности в процессе гидротермального старения с использованием различных типов диоксида циркония. &#13;
Материалы и методы. Для всех экспериментов использовались одинаковые стандартизированные образцы из разных типов диоксида циркония диаметром 10 мм и высотой 1 мм. Данные типы включали в себя Katana (Kuraray Noritake Dental, Tokyo, Япония) HTML (контроль) UTML, STML и ZirCAD Prime (Ivoclar Vivadent). Для измерения шероховатости и для визуализации морфологии поверхности образцов применялся метод атомно-силовой микроскопии (АСМ). В качестве атомно-силового микроскопа выступал прибор Bruker Innova. Получение изображений осуществлялось в полуконтактном режиме. Зондовый датчик — TESP-V2 с зондом треугольной формы и радиусом острия 7 нм. Область сканирования составляла 50 x 50 мкм. Частота 0.5 Hz.  Исследование шероховатости сводилось к обработке данных АСМ изображения. Для этого в канале карты высот выполнялось три произвольных сечения и средствами ПО вычислялись необходимые параметры шероховатости Ra, Rz.&#13;
Результаты. Отмечается увеличение шероховатости в процессе искусственного старения контрольной группы глазурованной поверхности, группы Prime полированной поверхности, группы Prime глазурованной поверхности. Отмечается уменьшение шероховатости в процессе искусственного старения контрольной группы глазурованной поверхности, для групп STML и UTML — как глазурованной, так и полированной поверхности. В случае с образцами группы «полировка» можно наблюдать, что шероховатость формируется следами абразивного материала. Из результатов исследования шероховатости можно отметить, что для образцов группы «Глазурь» шероховатость формируется преимущественно следами кисти или иного инструмента, применяемого в процессе нанесения глазури. &#13;
Вывод. Искусственное старение в разной степени влияет на шероховатость глазурованной и полированной поверхности диоксида циркония с преобладанием кубической фазы в зависимости от количества содержания иттрия.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>Aim: to evaluate the characteristics of glazed and polished surface during hydrothermal aging using different types of zirconium dioxide. &#13;
Materials and Methods. The same standardized samples from different types of zirconium dioxide with a diameter of 10 mm and a height of 1 mm were used for all experiments. These types included Katana (Kuraray Noritake Dental, Tokyo, Japan) HTML (control) UTML, STML, and ZirCAD Prime (Ivoclar Vivadent). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to measure the roughness and to visualize the surface morphology of the samples. The Bruker Innova instrument was used as an atomic force microscope. Image acquisition was carried out in semi-contact mode. The probe sensor was TESP-V2 with a triangular-shaped probe and a tip radius of 7 nm. The scanning area was 50 x 50 μm. Frequency 0.5 Hz.  The study of roughness was reduced to the processing of AFM image data. For this purpose, three arbitrary sections were made in the height map channel and the necessary roughness parameters Ra, Rz were calculated using software.&#13;
Results. There was an increase in roughness during artificial aging of the control group of glazed surface, Prime group of polished surface, and Prime group of glazed surface. There is a decrease of roughness in the process of artificial aging of the control group of glazed surface, for STML and UTML groups of both glazed and polished surface. In the case of samples of group &quot;polishing&quot; it is possible to observe that roughness is formed by traces of abrasive material. From the results of the study of roughness it can be noted that for the samples of the group &quot;Glaze&quot; roughness is formed mainly by traces of brush or other tools used in the process of glaze application&#13;
Conclusion. Artificial aging affects the roughness of the glazed and polished surface of zirconium dioxide with cubic phase predominance depending on the amount of yttrium content.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>диоксид циркония</kwd>
    <kwd>шероховатость</kwd>
    <kwd>искусственное старение</kwd>
    <kwd>атомно-силовая микроскопия</kwd>
    <kwd>глазурь</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>zirconium dioxide</kwd>
    <kwd>roughness</kwd>
    <kwd>artificial aging</kwd>
    <kwd>atomic force microscopy</kwd>
    <kwd>glaze</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p></p>
 </body>
 <back>
  <ref-list>
   <ref id="B1">
    <label>1.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Denry I., Kelly J.R. State of the art of zirconia for dental applications // Dent Mater. - 2008;24(3):299-307. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2007.05.007.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Denry I., Kelly J.R. State of the art of zirconia for dental applications // Dent Mater. - 2008;24(3):299-307. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2007.05.007.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B2">
    <label>2.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kongkiatkamon S., Rokaya D., Kengtanyakich S., Peampring C. Current classification of zirconia in dentistry: an updated review // PeerJ. - 2023;11:e15669. doi: 10.7717/peerj.15669.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kongkiatkamon S., Rokaya D., Kengtanyakich S., Peampring C. Current classification of zirconia in dentistry: an updated review // PeerJ. - 2023;11:e15669. doi: 10.7717/peerj.15669.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B3">
    <label>3.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lima J.C., Tribst J.P., Anami L.C., de Melo R.M., Moura D.M., Souza R.O., Bottino M.A. Long-term fracture load of all-ceramic crowns: Effects of veneering ceramic thickness, application techniques, and cooling protocol // J Clin Exp Dent. - 2020;12(11):e1078-e1085. doi: 10.4317/jced.57352.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lima J.C., Tribst J.P., Anami L.C., de Melo R.M., Moura D.M., Souza R.O., Bottino M.A. Long-term fracture load of all-ceramic crowns: Effects of veneering ceramic thickness, application techniques, and cooling protocol // J Clin Exp Dent. - 2020;12(11):e1078-e1085. doi: 10.4317/jced.57352.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B4">
    <label>4.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dal Piva A.M.O., Tribst J.P.M., Werner A., Anami L.C., Bottino M.A., Kleverlaan C.J. Three-body wear effect on different CAD/CAM ceramics staining durability // J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. - 2020;103:103579. doi: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.103579.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dal Piva A.M.O., Tribst J.P.M., Werner A., Anami L.C., Bottino M.A., Kleverlaan C.J. Three-body wear effect on different CAD/CAM ceramics staining durability // J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. - 2020;103:103579. doi: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.103579.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B5">
    <label>5.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhu Y., Liu K., Deng J., Ye J., Ai F., Ouyang H., Wu T., Jia J., Cheng X., Wang X. 3D printed zirconia ceramic hip joint with precise structure and broad-spectrum antibacterial properties // Int J Nanomedicine. - 2019;14:5977-5987. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S202457.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhu Y., Liu K., Deng J., Ye J., Ai F., Ouyang H., Wu T., Jia J., Cheng X., Wang X. 3D printed zirconia ceramic hip joint with precise structure and broad-spectrum antibacterial properties // Int J Nanomedicine. - 2019;14:5977-5987. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S202457.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B6">
    <label>6.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moreira Bastos Campos T., Marques de Melo Marinho R., de Oliveira Pinto Ribeiro A., Larissa do Amaral Montanheiro T., Carolina da Silva A., Thim G.P. Microstructure and mechanical properties of fully sintered zirconia glazed with an experimental glass // J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. - 2021;113:104093. doi: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104093.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moreira Bastos Campos T., Marques de Melo Marinho R., de Oliveira Pinto Ribeiro A., Larissa do Amaral Montanheiro T., Carolina da Silva A., Thim G.P. Microstructure and mechanical properties of fully sintered zirconia glazed with an experimental glass // J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. - 2021;113:104093. doi: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104093.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B7">
    <label>7.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jitwirachot K., Rungsiyakull P., Holloway J.A., Jia-Mahasap W. Wear Behavior of Different Generations of Zirconia: Present Literature // Int J Dent. - 2022;2022:9341616. doi: 10.1155/2022/9341616.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jitwirachot K., Rungsiyakull P., Holloway J.A., Jia-Mahasap W. Wear Behavior of Different Generations of Zirconia: Present Literature // Int J Dent. - 2022;2022:9341616. doi: 10.1155/2022/9341616.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B8">
    <label>8.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Souza L.F.B., Soares P.M., Chiapinotto G.F., Ribeiro V.F., Daudt N.F., Valandro L.F., Pereira G.K.R. Effect of pigmentation techniques on the fatigue mechanical behavior of a translucent zirconia for monolithic restorations // J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. - 2022;134:105362. doi: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105362.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Souza L.F.B., Soares P.M., Chiapinotto G.F., Ribeiro V.F., Daudt N.F., Valandro L.F., Pereira G.K.R. Effect of pigmentation techniques on the fatigue mechanical behavior of a translucent zirconia for monolithic restorations // J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. - 2022;134:105362. doi: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105362.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B9">
    <label>9.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hatanaka G.R., Polli G.S., Adabo G.L. The mechanical behavior of high-translucent monolithic zirconia after adjustment and finishing procedures and artificial aging // J Prosthet Dent. - 2020;123(2):330-337. doi: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2018.12.013.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hatanaka G.R., Polli G.S., Adabo G.L. The mechanical behavior of high-translucent monolithic zirconia after adjustment and finishing procedures and artificial aging // J Prosthet Dent. - 2020;123(2):330-337. doi: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2018.12.013.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B10">
    <label>10.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Talekar A., Chaudhari G., Mallineni S.K., Kothare S., Patil A., Musale P., Chunawala Y., Choubey S. Ex Vivo Assessment of Natural Teeth Wear against Zirconia and Novel Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Composite Crowns in Primary Teeth by a Three-Dimensional Assessment Method // Int J Dent. - 2021;2021:9670982. doi: 10.1155/2021/9670982.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Talekar A., Chaudhari G., Mallineni S.K., Kothare S., Patil A., Musale P., Chunawala Y., Choubey S. Ex Vivo Assessment of Natural Teeth Wear against Zirconia and Novel Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Composite Crowns in Primary Teeth by a Three-Dimensional Assessment Method // Int J Dent. - 2021;2021:9670982. doi: 10.1155/2021/9670982.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B11">
    <label>11.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Almohefer S., Moazzez R., Bartlett D. Comparison of metrology created by profilometry and digital microscopy on polished dentine in an erosion/abrasion model // J Dent. - 2021;114:103831. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103831.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Almohefer S., Moazzez R., Bartlett D. Comparison of metrology created by profilometry and digital microscopy on polished dentine in an erosion/abrasion model // J Dent. - 2021;114:103831. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103831.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B12">
    <label>12.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Peters R.D., Noble S.D. Characterization of leaf surface phenotypes based on light interaction // Plant Methods. - 2023;19(1):26. doi: 10.1186/s13007-023-01004-2.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Peters R.D., Noble S.D. Characterization of leaf surface phenotypes based on light interaction // Plant Methods. - 2023;19(1):26. doi: 10.1186/s13007-023-01004-2.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B13">
    <label>13.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hafezeqoran A., Sabanik P., Koodaryan R., Ghalili K.M. Effect of sintering speed, aging processes, and different surface treatments on the optical and surface properties of monolithic zirconia restorations // J Prosthet Dent. - 2023;130(6):917-926. doi: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.12.005.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hafezeqoran A., Sabanik P., Koodaryan R., Ghalili K.M. Effect of sintering speed, aging processes, and different surface treatments on the optical and surface properties of monolithic zirconia restorations // J Prosthet Dent. - 2023;130(6):917-926. doi: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.12.005.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B14">
    <label>14.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Peampring C., Kengtanyakich S. Surface Roughness and Translucency of Various Translucent Zirconia Ceramics after Hydrothermal Aging // Eur J Dent. - 2022;16(4):761-767. doi: 10.1055/s-0041-1736415.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Peampring C., Kengtanyakich S. Surface Roughness and Translucency of Various Translucent Zirconia Ceramics after Hydrothermal Aging // Eur J Dent. - 2022;16(4):761-767. doi: 10.1055/s-0041-1736415.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B15">
    <label>15.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гветадзе Р.Ш., Дьяконенко Е.Е., Лебеденко И.Ю. Исследования старения, усталости и деградации с целью повышения надежности стоматологической цирконовой керамики. Обзор статей в мировых журналах. Стоматология. 2016;95(6):51-60. [R.Sh. Gvetadze, E.E. Dyakonenko, I.Yu. Lebedenko. Aging, fatigue and degradation studies to improve the reliability of dental zircon ceramics. Review of articles in world journals. Dentistry. 2016;95(6):51-60. (In Russ.)]. DOI: 10.17116/stomat201695651-60</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gvetadze R.Sh., D'yakonenko E.E., Lebedenko I.Yu. Issledovaniya stareniya, ustalosti i degradacii s cel'yu povysheniya nadezhnosti stomatologicheskoy cirkonovoy keramiki. Obzor statey v mirovyh zhurnalah. Stomatologiya. 2016;95(6):51-60. [R.Sh. Gvetadze, E.E. Dyakonenko, I.Yu. Lebedenko. Aging, fatigue and degradation studies to improve the reliability of dental zircon ceramics. Review of articles in world journals. Dentistry. 2016;95(6):51-60. (In Russ.)]. DOI: 10.17116/stomat201695651-60</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
  </ref-list>
 </back>
</article>
