Type 1 and 2 diabetes are associated with deteriorated bone remodeling due to microangiopathy and acidosis, as well as non-fermentative glycosylation of bone proteins re-sulting in the apoptosis of osteocytes. Another complication of diabetes mellitus is diabetic arthropathy which is common among patients suffering from 1 type diabetes. Degenerative processes in periodontal tissue can be associated with diabetes mellitus and reduce the strength of the tooth joints. The result of insulin deficiency is a reduction in collagen synthesis and alkaline phosphatase, as well as hypocalcemia — these states also lead to bone resorption. Considering the effect of the combination of the processes which take place in the bone tissue, it should be taken into account that the alveolar processes of the upper and lower jaws are dif-ferent from the rest of the skeleton by accelerated metabolism. This specificity makes it nec-essary to investigate changes in the optical density of teeth and alveolar processes of the lower jaw among patients with diabetes mellitus. The purpose of research is to determine peculiarities of the optical density of bone tissue of the alveolar processes of the jaw using dental computed tomography in patients with diabetes mellitus. Article describes the analysis of the optical density of the bone tissue of the alveolar processes of the lower jaws. Dental computed tomography allows quantitative and qualitative measure-ment of bone tissue density of the jaw and is an effective method for assessing the state of bone tissue in diabetes mellitus. It was shown that the structure and density of bone tissue de-pends on the severity of diabetes, the presence of complications. Marked decrease in the opti-cal density of bone tissue in the neck of the teeth in individuals with diabetes was noted, less pronounced changes were observed in the middle third of the roots of the teeth. And slight changes or even an increase in optical density were observed in the region of the apices of the teeth. Diagnosis of bone destruction of the upper and lower jaws in diabetes mellitus is most in-formative using dental computed tomography.