Actual problems in dentistry Actual problems in dentistry Проблемы стоматологии 2077-7566 2412-9461 45546 10.18481/2077-7566-20-17-2-43-49 ТЕРАПЕВТИЧЕСКАЯ СТОМАТОЛОГИЯ THERAPEUTIC DENTISTRY ТЕРАПЕВТИЧЕСКАЯ СТОМАТОЛОГИЯ APPLICATION OF GENETIC METHODS OF RESEARCH IN CLINICAL DENTISTRY ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИХ МЕТОДОВ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ В КЛИНИЧЕСКОЙ СТОМАТОЛОГИИ https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8664-0778 Мирошниченко Виктория Владиславовна Miroshnichenko Viktoriya Vladislavovna vikam73@mail.ru

кандидат медицинских наук;

candidate of medical sciences;

 Варшавчик Марк Евгеньевич Varshavchik Mark E. Urget666@gmail.com Руденко Алена Владиславовна Rudenko Alena V. 4maleenxuxul@gmail.com Тюменский государственный медицинский университет Tyumen State Medical University Тюменский государственный медицинский университет Тюмень Россия Tyumen State Medical University Tyumen Russian Federation Тюменский государственный медицинский университет Тюмень Россия Tyumen State Medical University Tyumen Russian Federation 17 2 43 49 09 08 2021 https://dental-press.ru/en/nauka/article/45546/view

Предмет. Распространенность стоматологических заболеваний у лиц старшего возраста, независимо от гендерной принадлежности, во всем мире составляет от 67% до 98%. Многие хронические стоматологические процессы протекают с интоксикацией организма, вызывая тем самым значительные проблемы со здоровьем, нарушая качество жизни. Они влекут за собой большие финансовые вливания со стороны человека и государства. Прогнозирование врачом возможного развития заболевания либо помогает полностью предупредить его, либо облегчает его течение, способствуя выздоровлению и ускорению периода реабилитации. Чрезвычайно перспективным и современным решением данного прогноза являются генетические тесты. Знание генетических особенностей позволяет определить врачебную тактику, выстроить для пациента план рекомендаций по образу жизни и графику профилактических осмотров. В стоматологии генетические тесты определяют качество врожденного воспалительного иммунного ответа на внедрение патогенной флоры, позволяют узнать особенности регенеративных процессов в организме и качество работы системы детоксикации. Таким образом они помогают прогнозировать более агрессивное и быстрое течение заболевания. Цель. Целью работы явилось изучение актуальности и возможности применения генетического тестирования в стоматологии, определение наиболее современных методов, изучение функции и интерпретация эффекта наиболее вероятных полиморфизмов генов на клинические признаки стоматологических заболеваний. Материалы и методы. Проведен анализ 45 источников отечественной и зарубежной литературы о возможностях и доступности современных тест-систем в стоматологии. Выделена, обобщена и проанализирована информация о возможных ассоциациях генетической предрасположенности к наиболее распространенным стоматологическим заболеваниям и состояниям. Выводы. Предварительно имея результаты генетических особенностей обмена минерально-витаминных веществ пациента, подтверждение склонности к избыточному бактериальному росту и другие генетические особенности, врач сможет выстроить план профилактических мероприятий для сохранения здоровья пациента и/или, в случае необходимости лечения, подготовить пациента для минимизации негативных эффектов.

Subject. The prevalence of dental diseases worldwide comes between 67% and 98% at an older age, regardless of gender. Many chronic dental processes take place with intoxication of the body. Thereby they cause significant health problems, disrupting the quality of life. They entail large financial investments both from the person and the state. Doctor’s prognosis and understanding on the possible development of the disease in the patient either completely helps to prevent it or facilitates its course, helping to recover and accelerate the rehabilitation period. Genetic tests are an extremely promising and modern solution to this prognosis. Knowledge of genetic characteristics allows dentists to determine the medical tactics, helps to build a plan of recommendations for the patient's lifestyle and the schedule of preventive examinations. In dentistry genetic tests determine the quality of the innate inflammatory immune response to the introduction of pathogenic flora. Such tests allow to find out the features of the regenerative processes in the body and the quality of the detoxification system. Thus, they help to predict a more aggressive and faster course of the disease. Purpose. The aim of the work is to study the relevance and possibility of using genetic testing in dentistry. It describes the most modern methods. The present study shows the function and interpretation of the effect of the most probable gene polymorphisms on clinical signs of dental diseases. Materials and methods. The analysis of 40 sources of domestic and foreign literature on the possibilities and availability of modern test systems in dentistry has been carried out. The information on possible associations of genetic predisposition to the most common dental diseases and conditions has been highlighted, summarized and analyzed. Conclusion. Having previously obtained the results of the patient's genetic characteristics of the metabolism of mineral and vitamin substances, confirmation of the propensity for excessive bacterial growth and other genetic characteristics, the doctor will be able to build a plan of preventive measures to preserve the patient's health or, if necessary, will prepare the patient for treatment to minimize negative effects.

 генетический полиморфизм человека профилактика стоматологических заболеваний диагностика кариес пародонтит предрасположенность к заболеваниям периодонтит имплантация human genetic polymorphism prevention of dental diseases diagnostics caries periodontitis predisposition to diseases periodontitis implantation

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