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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Actual problems in dentistry</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Actual problems in dentistry</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Проблемы стоматологии</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">2077-7566</issn>
   <issn publication-format="online">2412-9461</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">125144</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18481/2077-7566-2026-22-2-161-170</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>СТОМАТОЛОГИЯ ДЕТСКОГО ВОЗРАСТА, ПРОФИЛАКТИКА И ОРТОДОНТИЯ. ОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>PEDIATRIC DENTISTRY, PROPHYLAXIS AND ORTHODONTICS. REVIEWS</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>СТОМАТОЛОГИЯ ДЕТСКОГО ВОЗРАСТА, ПРОФИЛАКТИКА И ОРТОДОНТИЯ. ОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">ADDITIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN MODERN ORTHODONTICS: FROM DIAGNOSIS TO APPLIANCE FABRICATION. A LITERATURE REVIEW</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>АДДИТИВНЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ В СОВРЕМЕННОЙ ОРТОДОНТИИ: ОТ ДИАГНОСТИКИ ДО ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ АППАРАТОВ. ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Кравченко</surname>
       <given-names>Павел Сергеевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Kravchenko</surname>
       <given-names>Pavel S.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>p.k.s.1998@mail.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Григоренко</surname>
       <given-names>Марк Павлович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Grigorenko</surname>
       <given-names>Mark P.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>mark115@yandex.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат медицинских наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of medical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Вакушина</surname>
       <given-names>Елена Анатольевна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Vakushina</surname>
       <given-names>Elena A.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>mark115@yandex.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор медицинских наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of medical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Лапина</surname>
       <given-names>Наталья Викторовна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Lapina</surname>
       <given-names>Natalia V.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>kgma74@yandex.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор медицинских наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of medical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Демина</surname>
       <given-names>Кристина Юрьевна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Dyomina</surname>
       <given-names>Kristina Yu.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>kristi_thebest@mail.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат медицинских наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of medical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Мрикаева</surname>
       <given-names>Мадина Руслановна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Mrikaeva</surname>
       <given-names>Madina R.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>m.mrikaeva86@mail.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат медицинских наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of medical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Брагин</surname>
       <given-names>Александр Евгеньевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Bragin</surname>
       <given-names>Aleksandr E.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>zagedan@mail.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат медицинских наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of medical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-7"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Григоренко</surname>
       <given-names>Павел Анатольевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Grigorenko</surname>
       <given-names>Pavel A.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>mark115@yandex.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат медицинских наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of medical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-8"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУ РО «Стоматологическая поликлиника №1»</institution>
     <city>Ставрополь</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Dental Polyclinic No. 1</institution>
     <city>Stavropol</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">ООО «Ортодонтическая практика профессора Вакушиной»</institution>
     <city>Ставрополь</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Orthodontic practice of professor Vakushina</institution>
     <city>Stavropol</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Ставропольский государственный медицинский университет</institution>
     <city>Ставрополь</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Stavropol State Medical University</institution>
     <city>Stavropol</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-4">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Кубанский государственный медицинский университет</institution>
     <city>Краснодар</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Kuban State Medical University</institution>
     <city>Krasnodar</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-5">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Городская клиническая детская стоматологическая поликлиника</institution>
     <city>Ставрополь</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">City clinical children's dental polyclinic</institution>
     <city>Stavropol</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-6">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Северо-Осетинская государственная медицинская академия</institution>
     <city>Владикавказ</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">North-Ossetian State Medical Academy</institution>
     <city>Vladikavkaz</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-7">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Ставропольский государственный медицинский университет</institution>
     <city>Ставрополь</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Stavropol State Medical University</institution>
     <city>Stavropol</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-8">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Ставропольский государственный медицинский университет</institution>
     <city>Ставрополь</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Stavropol State Medical University</institution>
     <city>Stavropol</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-06-29T19:24:06+03:00">
    <day>29</day>
    <month>06</month>
    <year>2026</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-06-29T19:24:06+03:00">
    <day>29</day>
    <month>06</month>
    <year>2026</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>22</volume>
   <issue>2</issue>
   <fpage>161</fpage>
   <lpage>170</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-06-02T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>02</day>
     <month>06</month>
     <year>2026</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://dental-press.ru/en/nauka/article/125144/view">https://dental-press.ru/en/nauka/article/125144/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>В последние годы аддитивные технологии занимают все более значимое место в современной ортодонтии, обеспечивая переход от применения отдельных цифровых инструментов к единому клинико-лабораторному циклу, включающему диагностику, виртуальное планирование, изготовление аппаратуры и контроль результатов лечения. В обзоре рассмотрены современные возможности интраорального сканирования, конусно-лучевой компьютерной томографии, трехмерной цефалометрии, искусственного интеллекта, CAD/CAM-технологий и 3D-печати на этапах диагностики, планирования и клинической реализации ортодонтического лечения. Показано, что интеграция цифровых методов позволяет повысить точность морфометрического анализа, улучшить оценку анатомических и функциональных параметров, а также повысить воспроизводимость клинических и лабораторных этапов. Особое внимание уделено применению аддитивных технологий при изготовлении элайнеров, ретейнеров, индивидуализированных конструкций с кортикальной опорой, а также аппаратов, используемых в комбинированном аппаратурно-хирургическом лечении. Отдельно рассмотрены вопросы цифровой оценки окклюзии, состояния височно-нижнечелюстного сустава, костных границ ортодонтического перемещения и возможностей искусственного интеллекта в автоматизации анализа изображений и поддержке клинических решений. Проанализированы материаловедческие аспекты 3D-печати, включая свойства полимерных и металлических материалов, параметры постобработки и ограничения клинического применения. Подчеркивается, что ключевой тенденцией является переход к непрерывному цифровому циклу, однако для 3D-печатных конструкций остаются недостаточно изученными биосовместимость, износостойкость и долговременная стабильность. Отмечается, что дальнейшее развитие аддитивных технологий в ортодонтии определяется не только расширением технологических возможностей, но и необходимостью накопления клинически верифицированных данных о точности, биосовместимости, долговременной стабильности и эффективности изготавливаемых конструкций.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>In recent years, additive manufacturing has taken an increasingly significant place in modern orthodontics, enabling a transition from the use of individual digital tools to an integrated clinical and laboratory workflow that includes diagnosis, virtual planning, appliance fabrication, and treatment outcome monitoring. This review examines the current capabilities of intraoral scanning, cone-beam computed tomography, three-dimensional cephalometry, artificial intelligence, CAD/CAM technologies, and 3D printing at the stages of diagnosis, planning, and clinical implementation of orthodontic treatment. It is shown that the integration of digital methods improves the accuracy of morphometric analysis, enhances the assessment of anatomical and functional parameters, and increases the reproducibility of clinical and laboratory steps. Special attention is paid to the use of additive technologies in the manufacture of aligners, retainers, custom-made cortical-supported appliances, and devices used in combined surgical-orthodontic treatment. Separate sections address digital assessment of occlusion, the temporomandibular joint, bone boundaries for orthodontic tooth movement, and artificial intelligence capabilities in image analysis automation and clinical decision support. Material science aspects of 3D printing are analyzed, including the properties of polymeric and metallic materials, post-processing parameters, and clinical limitations. It is emphasized that the key trend is the shift towards a continuous digital cycle; however, for 3D‑printed devices, biocompatibility, wear resistance, and long-term stability remain insufficiently studied. Further development of additive technologies in orthodontics is determined not only by expanding technological possibilities but also by the need to accumulate clinically verified data on accuracy, biocompatibility, long-term stability, and effectiveness of manufactured appliances.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>ортодонтия</kwd>
    <kwd>аддитивные технологии</kwd>
    <kwd>3D-печать</kwd>
    <kwd>CAD/CAM</kwd>
    <kwd>интраоральное сканирование</kwd>
    <kwd>искусственный интеллект</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>orthodontics</kwd>
    <kwd>additive technologies</kwd>
    <kwd>3D-printing</kwd>
    <kwd>CAD/CAM</kwd>
    <kwd>intraoral scanning</kwd>
    <kwd>artificial intelligence</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
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