<!DOCTYPE article
PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20190208//EN"
       "JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.4" xml:lang="en">
 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Actual problems in dentistry</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Actual problems in dentistry</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Проблемы стоматологии</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">2077-7566</issn>
   <issn publication-format="online">2412-9461</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">116379</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18481/2077-7566-2026-22-1-</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>ОРТОПЕДИЧЕСКАЯ И ЦИФРОВАЯ СТОМАТОЛОГИЯ</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>ORTHOPEDIC AND DIGITAL DENTISTRY</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>ОРТОПЕДИЧЕСКАЯ И ЦИФРОВАЯ СТОМАТОЛОГИЯ</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF ADHESIVE BONDING TO CERAMIC RESTORATIONS USING FIFTH-GENERATION ADHESIVE SYSTEMS BY SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>СРАВНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ОЦЕНКА АДГЕЗИОННОГО СОЕДИНЕНИЯ С КЕРАМИЧЕСКИМИ КОНСТРУКЦИЯМИ АДГЕЗИВНЫХ СИСТЕМ V ПОКОЛЕНИЯ С ПОМОЩЬЮ МЕТОДА СКАНИРУЮЩЕЙ ЭЛЕКТРОННОЙ МИКРОСКОПИИ</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Сахабутдинова</surname>
       <given-names>Диана Рамильевна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Sakhabutdinova</surname>
       <given-names>Diana R.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>SDDianka@yandex.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Демин</surname>
       <given-names>Ярослав Дмитриевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Demin</surname>
       <given-names>Yaroslav D.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>yaroslav-demin@yandex.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат медицинских наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of medical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Тиунова</surname>
       <given-names>Наталья Викторовна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Tiunova</surname>
       <given-names>Natalia V.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>natali5_@list.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор медицинских наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of medical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Жданова</surname>
       <given-names>Мария Леонидовна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Zhdanova</surname>
       <given-names>Maria L.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>mariya.zhdanova@unn.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат медицинских наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of medical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Жданов</surname>
       <given-names>Сергей Евгеньевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Zhdanov</surname>
       <given-names>Sergey E.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>Zs-nn@mail.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат медицинских наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of medical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Плишкина</surname>
       <given-names>Анна Александровна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Plishkina</surname>
       <given-names>Anna Aleksandrovna</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>annaleksp@yandex.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат медицинских наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of medical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский Нижегородский государственный университет им. Н.И. Лобачевского</institution>
     <city>Нижний Новгород</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia</institution>
     <city>Nizhny Novgorod</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский Нижегородский государственный университет им. Н.И. Лобачевского</institution>
     <city>Нижний Новгород</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod</institution>
     <city>Nizhny Novgorod</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Нижегородский государственный университет им. Н.И. Лобачевского</institution>
     <city>Нижний Новгород</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod</institution>
     <city>Nizhny Novgorod</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-4">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский Нижегородский государственный университет им. Н.И. Лобачевского</institution>
     <city>Нижний Новгород</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod</institution>
     <city>Nizhny Novgorod</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-5">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский Нижегородский государственный университет им. Н.И. Лобачевского</institution>
     <city>Нижний Новгород</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod</institution>
     <city>Nizhny Novgorod</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-6">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Приволжский исследовательский медицинский университет</institution>
     <city>Нижний Новгород</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Privolzhsky Research Medical University</institution>
     <city>Nizhny Novgorod</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <volume>22</volume>
   <issue>1</issue>
   <fpage>10</fpage>
   <lpage>10</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-03-02T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>02</day>
     <month>03</month>
     <year>2026</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://dental-press.ru/en/nauka/article/116379/view">https://dental-press.ru/en/nauka/article/116379/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Введение. В условиях импортозамещения актуальна оценка российских систем по сравнению с зарубежными аналогами. Адгезивная система Белабонд (ВладМиВа) 5 поколения рассматривается как конкурентоспособная отечественная альтернатива, тогда как OptiBond Solo Plus (Kerr) служит эталоном с хорошо изученными свойствами и длительным клиническим опытом.&#13;
Цель исследования – сравнительная оценка адгезионной связи с керамическими конструкциями адгезивных систем пятого поколения с помощью метода сканирующей электронной микроскопии.&#13;
Материалы и методы. В исследовании проведен сравнительный анализ адгезионного соединения российской и зарубежной адгезивных систем пятого поколения с керамическими поверхностями. Образцы керамики обрабатывались адгезивами с предварительным протравливанием и нанесением однокомпонентного адгезива с последующей полимеризацией и послойным формированием наногибридного композитного слоя светового отверждения в контролируемых лабораторных условиях. Микроструктура зон адгезии изучалась с помощью сканирующего электронного микроскопа с анализом глубины и равномерности инфильтрации адгезива, толщины и непрерывности гибридного слоя, состояния коллагеновой матрицы в зоне гибридного слоя, выраженности смоляных нитей, наличия дефектов адгезионного интерфейса.  &#13;
Результаты. Обе адгезивные системы формируют интердиффузионную зону и гибридный слой в клинически допустимых пределах. В импортном образце отмечалась более равномерная инфильтрация адгезива, однородная толщина гибридного слоя, равномерное распределение смоляных тегов, тогда как в отечественном образце наблюдалась большая вариабельность этих показателей с локальными участками уменьшенной инфильтрации и неоднородной толщины слоя. Коллагеновая матрица сохраняла упорядоченную фибриллярную структуру в обоих образцах, единичные локальные микродефекты интерфейса не нарушали общей целостности соединения. Микроструктурные характеристики отечественной системы остаются сопоставимыми с зарубежным аналогом, подтверждая ее потенциал для клинического применения.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>Introduction. In the context of import substitution, evaluating Russian systems compared to their foreign counterparts is relevant. The fifth-generation Belabond (VladMiVa) adhesive system is considered a competitive domestic alternative, while OptiBond Solo Plus (Kerr) serves as a benchmark with well-studied properties and extensive clinical experience.&#13;
The aim of the study was to comparatively evaluate the adhesive bond of fifth-generation adhesive systems to ceramic structures using scanning electron microscopy.&#13;
Materials and methods. The study compared the adhesive bonds of Russian and foreign fifth-generation adhesive systems to ceramic surfaces. Ceramic samples were treated with adhesives using pre-etching and application of a single-component adhesive, followed by polymerization, and a light-cured nanohybrid composite layer was formed layer by layer under controlled laboratory conditions. The microstructure of the adhesion zones was studied using a scanning electron microscope, analyzing the depth and uniformity of adhesive infiltration, the thickness and continuity of the hybrid layer, the state of the collagen matrix within the hybrid layer, the presence of resin tags, and the presence of adhesive interface defects.&#13;
Results. Both adhesive systems formed an interdiffusion zone and hybrid layer within clinically acceptable limits. The imported sample demonstrated more uniform adhesive infiltration, a uniform hybrid layer thickness, and a uniform distribution of resin tags, whereas the domestic sample showed greater variability in these parameters, with localized areas of reduced infiltration and non-uniform layer thickness. The collagen matrix maintained an ordered fibrillar structure in both samples, and isolated localized microdefects in the interface did not compromise the overall integrity of the bond. The microstructural characteristics of the domestic system remain comparable to those of its foreign counterpart, confirming its potential for clinical application.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>адгезивные системы</kwd>
    <kwd>адгезия</kwd>
    <kwd>керамические реставрации</kwd>
    <kwd>адгезионное соединение</kwd>
    <kwd>сканирующая электронная микроскопия</kwd>
    <kwd>стоматологические материалы</kwd>
    <kwd>импортозамещение в стоматологии</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>adhesive systems</kwd>
    <kwd>adhesion</kwd>
    <kwd>ceramic restorations</kwd>
    <kwd>adhesive interface</kwd>
    <kwd>scanning electron microscopy</kwd>
    <kwd>dental materials</kwd>
    <kwd>import substitution in dentistry</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p></p>
 </body>
 <back>
  <ref-list>
   <ref id="B1">
    <label>1.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Warreth A., Elkareimi Y. All-ceramic restorations: a review of the literature. The Saudi Dental Journal. 2020;32(8):365–372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sdentj.2020.05.004</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Warreth A., Elkareimi Y. All-ceramic restorations: a review of the literature. The Saudi Dental Journal. 2020;32(8):365–372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sdentj.2020.05.004</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B2">
    <label>2.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lu Y., van Steenoven A., Dal Piva A.M.O., Tribst J.P.M., Wang L., Kleverlaan C.J. et al. Additive-manufactured ceramics for dental restorations: a systematic review on mechanical perspective. Frontiers in Dental Medicine. 2025;6:1512887. https://doi.org/10.3389/fdmed.2025.1512887</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lu Y., van Steenoven A., Dal Piva A.M.O., Tribst J.P.M., Wang L., Kleverlaan C.J. et al. Additive-manufactured ceramics for dental restorations: a systematic review on mechanical perspective. Frontiers in Dental Medicine. 2025;6:1512887. https://doi.org/10.3389/fdmed.2025.1512887</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B3">
    <label>3.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khatib S., Alqahtani A., Attaf S., Alzaid S., Alshehri F., Alshammari N. et al. Indications, Clinical Success and Failure Rate of All-Ceramic Restorations. Journal of Healthcare Sciences. 2024;4(12):912–917. https://doi.org/10.52533/JOHS.2024.41234</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khatib S., Alqahtani A., Attaf S., Alzaid S., Alshehri F., Alshammari N. et al. Indications, Clinical Success and Failure Rate of All-Ceramic Restorations. Journal of Healthcare Sciences. 2024;4(12):912–917. https://doi.org/10.52533/JOHS.2024.41234</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B4">
    <label>4.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bourgi R., Kharouf N., Cuevas-Suárez C.E., Lukomska-Szymanska M., Haikel Y., Hardan L. A Literature Review of Adhesive Systems in Dentistry: Key Components and Their Clinical Applications. Applied Sciences. 2024;14(18):8111. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14188111</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bourgi R., Kharouf N., Cuevas-Suárez C.E., Lukomska-Szymanska M., Haikel Y., Hardan L. A Literature Review of Adhesive Systems in Dentistry: Key Components and Their Clinical Applications. Applied Sciences. 2024;14(18):8111. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14188111</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B5">
    <label>5.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pilecco R.O., da Rosa L.S., Pereira G.K.R., Tribst J.P.M., May L.G., Valandro L.F. The loss of resin cement adhesion to ceramic influences the fatigue behavior of bonded lithium disilicate restorations. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials. 2023;148:106169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106169</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pilecco R.O., da Rosa L.S., Pereira G.K.R., Tribst J.P.M., May L.G., Valandro L.F. The loss of resin cement adhesion to ceramic influences the fatigue behavior of bonded lithium disilicate restorations. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials. 2023;148:106169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106169</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B6">
    <label>6.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nizami M.Z.I., Jindarojanakul A., Ma Q., Lee S.J., Sun J. Advances in Bioactive Dental Adhesives for Caries Prevention: A State-of-the-Art Review. Journal of Functional Biomaterials. 2025;16(11):418. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb16110418</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nizami M.Z.I., Jindarojanakul A., Ma Q., Lee S.J., Sun J. Advances in Bioactive Dental Adhesives for Caries Prevention: A State-of-the-Art Review. Journal of Functional Biomaterials. 2025;16(11):418. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb16110418</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B7">
    <label>7.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kazak M., Dönmez N. Development of Dentin Bonding Systems from Past to Present. Bezmialem Science. 2019;7(4):322–330. https://doi.org/10.14235/bas.galenos.2019.3102</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kazak M., Dönmez N. Development of Dentin Bonding Systems from Past to Present. Bezmialem Science. 2019;7(4):322–330. https://doi.org/10.14235/bas.galenos.2019.3102</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B8">
    <label>8.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Разумова С.Н., Браго А.С., Руда О.Р., Гурьева З.А., Аджиева Э.В. Применение универсальных адгезивных систем в стоматологии: нарративный обзор. Российский стоматологический журнал. 2024;28(5):512–521. [Razumova S.N., Brago A.S., Ruda O.R., Gurieva Z.A., Adzhieva E.V. Universal adhesive systems in dentistry: A narrative review. Russian Journal of Dentistry. 2024;28(5):512–521. (In Russ.)]. https://doi.org/10.17816/dent439601</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Razumova S.N., Brago A.S., Ruda O.R., Gur'eva Z.A., Adzhieva E.V. Primenenie universal'nyh adgezivnyh sistem v stomatologii: narrativnyy obzor. Rossiyskiy stomatologicheskiy zhurnal. 2024;28(5):512–521. [Razumova S.N., Brago A.S., Ruda O.R., Gurieva Z.A., Adzhieva E.V. Universal adhesive systems in dentistry: A narrative review. Russian Journal of Dentistry. 2024;28(5):512–521. (In Russ.)]. https://doi.org/10.17816/dent439601</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B9">
    <label>9.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Breschi L., Maravic T., Mazzitelli C., Josic U., Mancuso E., Cadenaro M. et al. The evolution of adhesive dentistry: From etch-and-rinse to universal bonding systems. Dental Materials. 2025;41(2):141–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2024.11.011</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Breschi L., Maravic T., Mazzitelli C., Josic U., Mancuso E., Cadenaro M. et al. The evolution of adhesive dentistry: From etch-and-rinse to universal bonding systems. Dental Materials. 2025;41(2):141–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2024.11.011</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B10">
    <label>10.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abdelkhalek E., Hamama H.H., Mahmoud S.H. HEMA-free versus HEMA-containing adhesive systems: a systematic review. Systematic Reviews. 2025;14(1):17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-025-02763-w</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abdelkhalek E., Hamama H.H., Mahmoud S.H. HEMA-free versus HEMA-containing adhesive systems: a systematic review. Systematic Reviews. 2025;14(1):17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-025-02763-w</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B11">
    <label>11.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шамитова Е.Н., Юманов О.Д., Габайдуллина В.В., Юманов А.О. Импортозамещение иностранных композитных материалов по их биохимическому составу. Международный журнал прикладных и фундаментальных исследований. 2022;(9):7–11. [Shamitova E.N., Yumanov O.D., Gabaydullina V.V., Yumanov A.O. Import substitution of foreign composite materials according to their biochemical composition. International Journal of Applied and Fundamental Research. 2022;(9):7–11. (In Russ.)]. https://doi.org/10.17513/mjpfi.13432</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shamitova E.N., Yumanov O.D., Gabaydullina V.V., Yumanov A.O. Importozameschenie inostrannyh kompozitnyh materialov po ih biohimicheskomu sostavu. Mezhdunarodnyy zhurnal prikladnyh i fundamental'nyh issledovaniy. 2022;(9):7–11. [Shamitova E.N., Yumanov O.D., Gabaydullina V.V., Yumanov A.O. Import substitution of foreign composite materials according to their biochemical composition. International Journal of Applied and Fundamental Research. 2022;(9):7–11. (In Russ.)]. https://doi.org/10.17513/mjpfi.13432</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B12">
    <label>12.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мерзликина Л.Е. Вероятные пути импортозамещения стоматологических материалов. Молодежный инновационный вестник. 2023;12(S2):512–515. [Merzlikina L.E. Probable ways of import substitution of dental materials. Youth Innovation Bulletin. 2023;12(S2):512–515. (In Russ.)]. https://medj.rucml.ru/journal/45562d594f555448494e4e4f42554c4c2d41525449434c452d38313637/</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Merzlikina L.E. Veroyatnye puti importozamescheniya stomatologicheskih materialov. Molodezhnyy innovacionnyy vestnik. 2023;12(S2):512–515. [Merzlikina L.E. Probable ways of import substitution of dental materials. Youth Innovation Bulletin. 2023;12(S2):512–515. (In Russ.)]. https://medj.rucml.ru/journal/45562d594f555448494e4e4f42554c4c2d41525449434c452d38313637/</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B13">
    <label>13.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пащенко А.Д., Пащенко Т.Ю. Анализ российского рынка медицинских изделий с точки зрения обеспечения национальной безопасности. Сборники конференций НИЦ Социосфера. 2020;(25):338–342. [Pashchenko A.D., Pashchenko T.Y. Analysis of the russian market of medical products from the perspective of ensuring national security. Sborniki konferentsii NITs Sotsiosfera. 2020;(25):338–342. (In Russ.)]. https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=43150241</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Paschenko A.D., Paschenko T.Yu. Analiz rossiyskogo rynka medicinskih izdeliy s tochki zreniya obespecheniya nacional'noy bezopasnosti. Sborniki konferenciy NIC Sociosfera. 2020;(25):338–342. [Pashchenko A.D., Pashchenko T.Y. Analysis of the russian market of medical products from the perspective of ensuring national security. Sborniki konferentsii NITs Sotsiosfera. 2020;(25):338–342. (In Russ.)]. https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=43150241</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B14">
    <label>14.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alsaeed A.Y. Bonding CAD/CAM materials with current adhesive systems: An overview. The Saudi Dental Journal. 2022;34(4):259–269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sdentj.2022.03.005</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alsaeed A.Y. Bonding CAD/CAM materials with current adhesive systems: An overview. The Saudi Dental Journal. 2022;34(4):259–269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sdentj.2022.03.005</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B15">
    <label>15.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fayed A.K., Azer A.S., AboElhassan R.G. Fit accuracy and fracture resistance evaluation of advanced lithium disilicate crowns (in-vitro study). BMC Oral Health. 2025;25(1):58. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-024-05325-z</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fayed A.K., Azer A.S., AboElhassan R.G. Fit accuracy and fracture resistance evaluation of advanced lithium disilicate crowns (in-vitro study). BMC Oral Health. 2025;25(1):58. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-024-05325-z</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B16">
    <label>16.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guaita-Sáez R., Montiel-Company J.M., Agustín-Panadero R., Fons-Badal C., Serra-Pastor B., Solá-Ruiz M.F. Analysis of Different Lithium Disilicate Ceramics According to Their Composition and Processing Technique – A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Materials. 2025;18(12):2709. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18122709</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guaita-Sáez R., Montiel-Company J.M., Agustín-Panadero R., Fons-Badal C., Serra-Pastor B., Solá-Ruiz M.F. Analysis of Different Lithium Disilicate Ceramics According to Their Composition and Processing Technique – A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Materials. 2025;18(12):2709. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18122709</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B17">
    <label>17.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Munoz A., Louca C., Vichi A. Characterization of a Lithium Disilicate CAD/CAM Material with Firing Temperature-Controlled Translucency. Materials. 2025;18(7):1591. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18071591</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Munoz A., Louca C., Vichi A. Characterization of a Lithium Disilicate CAD/CAM Material with Firing Temperature-Controlled Translucency. Materials. 2025;18(7):1591. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18071591</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B18">
    <label>18.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nawrocka A., Piwonski I., Sauro S., Porcelli A., Hardan L., Lukomska-Szymanska M. Traditional Microscopic Techniques Employed in Dental Adhesion Research –Applications and Protocols of Specimen Preparation. Biosensors. 2021;11(11):408. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios11110408</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nawrocka A., Piwonski I., Sauro S., Porcelli A., Hardan L., Lukomska-Szymanska M. Traditional Microscopic Techniques Employed in Dental Adhesion Research –Applications and Protocols of Specimen Preparation. Biosensors. 2021;11(11):408. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios11110408</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B19">
    <label>19.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Scholz K.J., Bittner A., Cieplik F., Hiller K.A., Schmalz G., Buchalla W. et al. Micromorphology of the Adhesive Interface of Self-Adhesive Resin Cements to Enamel and Dentin. Materials. 2021;14(3):492. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14030492</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Scholz K.J., Bittner A., Cieplik F., Hiller K.A., Schmalz G., Buchalla W. et al. Micromorphology of the Adhesive Interface of Self-Adhesive Resin Cements to Enamel and Dentin. Materials. 2021;14(3):492. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14030492</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
  </ref-list>
 </back>
</article>
