<!DOCTYPE article
PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20190208//EN"
       "JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.4" xml:lang="en">
 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Actual problems in dentistry</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Actual problems in dentistry</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Проблемы стоматологии</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">2077-7566</issn>
   <issn publication-format="online">2412-9461</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">100532</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18481/2077-7566-2025-21-2-58-63</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>ЛЕКЦИИ / ЛИТЕРАТУРНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫ</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>LITERATURE REVIEW</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>ЛЕКЦИИ / ЛИТЕРАТУРНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫ</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">ZIRCONIUM DIOXIDE AS A PROMISING MATERIAL IN MODERN DENTISTRY. STRUCTURE, PROPERTIES, AND POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>ДИОКСИД ЦИРКОНИЯ КАК ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЙ МАТЕРИАЛ СОВРЕМЕННОЙ СТОМАТОЛОГИИ. СТРУКТУРА, СВОЙСТВА, ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6401-8408</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Федорова</surname>
       <given-names>Надежда Станиславовна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Fedorova</surname>
       <given-names>Nadezhda S.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>nadegdafedorova@gmail.com</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор медицинских наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of medical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8008-612X</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Аль-Мобарак</surname>
       <given-names>Ясмина Махеровна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Al-Mobarak</surname>
       <given-names>Yasmina Maherovna</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>dr.yasmina05@gmail.com</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3929-7298</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Аль-Мобарак</surname>
       <given-names>Малик Махерович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Al-Mobarak</surname>
       <given-names>Malik Maherovich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>almmalik05@gmail.com</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Чувашский государственный университет им. И.Н. Ульянова</institution>
     <city>Чебоксары</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">I.N. Ulianov Chuvash State University</institution>
     <city>Cheboksary</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Чувашский государственный университет им. И.Н. Ульянова</institution>
     <city>Чебоксары</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">I.N. Ulianov Chuvash State University</institution>
     <city>Cheboksary</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Чувашский государственный университет им. И.Н. Ульянова</institution>
     <city>Чебоксары</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">I.N. Ulianov Chuvash State University</institution>
     <city>Cheboksary</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-07-28T12:18:28+03:00">
    <day>28</day>
    <month>07</month>
    <year>2025</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-07-28T12:18:28+03:00">
    <day>28</day>
    <month>07</month>
    <year>2025</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>21</volume>
   <issue>2</issue>
   <fpage>58</fpage>
   <lpage>63</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-06-26T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>26</day>
     <month>06</month>
     <year>2025</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://dental-press.ru/en/nauka/article/100532/view">https://dental-press.ru/en/nauka/article/100532/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Введение. Современная стоматология проявляет повышенный интерес к материалам, сочетающим биосовместимость, механическую прочность и эстетичность. Диоксид циркония (ZrO2) является одним из самых востребованных в этой сфере. Его уникальные свойства, включая высокую прочность на изгиб, биологическую инертность и превосходные эстетические характеристики, делают его оптимальным выбором для изготовления стоматологических реставраций.&#13;
Цель – анализ сведений, представленных в отечественной и зарубежной литературе, содержащей актуальную информацию о современных видах диоксида циркония, их обоснованную классификацию, а также анализ химических, физико-механических свойств и возможностей применения данного материала в клинической стоматологии.&#13;
Методология. Проведен анализ отечественной (17) и зарубежной (13) научной литературы, описывающей данные клинических исследований и технологических данных, посвященных применению диоксида циркония в ортопедической стоматологии.&#13;
Результаты. Диоксид циркония классифицируется по фазовому составу (тетрагональный, моноклинный, кубический), по технологии изготовления (CAD/CAM-заготовки, пресс-керамика, инъекционные методы), а также по области применения (коронки, мостовидные протезы, абатменты, виниры). Установлено, что наиболее популярным является стабилизированный тетрагональный диоксид циркония, обеспечивающий прочность и устойчивость к трещинам. Также выявлены различия в оптических свойствах, прочности и устойчивости к старению у различных видов.&#13;
Выводы. Диоксид циркония является одним из самых востребованных стоматологических материалов благодаря своим выдающимся физико-химическим свойствам и эстетическому внешнему виду. Его высокая прочность и биосовместимость делают его идеальным выбором для различных видов стоматологических реставраций. Правильный выбор разновидности диоксида циркония в зависимости от клинической ситуации позволяет достичь оптимального сочетания эстетики, функциональности и долговечности, что в конечном итоге способствует улучшению качества жизни пациентов.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>Introduction. Modern dentistry shows increased interest in materials that combine biocompatibility, mechanical strength and aesthetics. Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) is one of the most popular in this area. Its unique properties, including high bending strength, biological inertness and excellent aesthetic characteristics, make it the optimal choice for the manufacture of dental restorations.&#13;
Objective. Aanalysis of information presented in domestic and foreign literature containing up-to-date information on modern types of zirconium dioxide, their substantiated classification, as well as analysis of the chemical, physical and mechanical properties and possibilities of using this material in clinical dentistry.&#13;
Methodology. An analysis of domestic (17) and foreign (13) scientific literature describing scientific research data and technological data devoted to the use of zirconium dioxide in orthopedic dentistry was conducted.&#13;
Results. Zirconium dioxide is classified according to its phase composition (tetragonal, monoclinic, cubic), manufacturing technology (CAD/CAM blanks, press ceramics, injection methods), as well as by area of application (crowns, bridges, abutments, veneers). It has been found that the most popular is stabilized tetragonal zirconia, which provides strength and crack resistance. Differences in optical properties, strength and aging resistance among different species have also been identified.&#13;
Conclusion. Zirconium dioxide is one of the most popular dental materials due to its outstanding physical and chemical properties and aesthetic appearance. Its high strength and biocompatibility make it an ideal choice for various types of dental restorations. Choosing the right type of zirconium dioxide depending on the clinical situation allows you to achieve the optimal combination of aesthetics, functionality and durability, which ultimately helps improve the quality of life of patients.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>диоксид циркония</kwd>
    <kwd>свойства</kwd>
    <kwd>классификация</kwd>
    <kwd>протезирование</kwd>
    <kwd>биосовместимость</kwd>
    <kwd>стоматология</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>zirconium dioxide</kwd>
    <kwd>characteristics</kwd>
    <kwd>classification</kwd>
    <kwd>prosthodontics</kwd>
    <kwd>biocompatibility</kwd>
    <kwd>dentistry</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p></p>
 </body>
 <back>
  <ref-list>
   <ref id="B1">
    <label>1.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Иванов А.С., Мартынов Д.В., Олесова В.Н., Заславский Р.С., Шматов К.В., Лернер А.Я. и др. Диоксид циркония как современный материал для зубных протезов и имплантатов. Российский стоматологический журнал. 2019;23(1):4-6. [Ivanov A.S., Martynov D.V., Olesova V.N., Zaslavsky R.S., Shmatov K.V., Lerner A.I. et al. Zirconia as a modern material for dental prostheses and implants. Russian Journal of Dentistry. 2019;23(1):4-6. (In Russ.)] https://doi.org/10.18821/1728-2802-2019-23-1-4-6</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivanov A.S., Martynov D.V., Olesova V.N., Zaslavskiy R.S., Shmatov K.V., Lerner A.Ya. i dr. Dioksid cirkoniya kak sovremennyy material dlya zubnyh protezov i implantatov. Rossiyskiy stomatologicheskiy zhurnal. 2019;23(1):4-6. [Ivanov A.S., Martynov D.V., Olesova V.N., Zaslavsky R.S., Shmatov K.V., Lerner A.I. et al. Zirconia as a modern material for dental prostheses and implants. Russian Journal of Dentistry. 2019;23(1):4-6. (In Russ.)] https://doi.org/10.18821/1728-2802-2019-23-1-4-6</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B2">
    <label>2.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хабилов Н.Л., Дадабаева М.У., Мун Т.О., Хабилов Б.Н. Диоксид циркония - один из современных стоматологических материалов. Stomatologiya. 2017;(2):107-110. [Khabilov N.L., Dadabaeva M.U., Moon T.O., Khabilov B.N. Zirconia - one of the modern dental materials. Stomatologiya. 2017;(2):107-110. (In Russ.)]. https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=37073425</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Habilov N.L., Dadabaeva M.U., Mun T.O., Habilov B.N. Dioksid cirkoniya - odin iz sovremennyh stomatologicheskih materialov. Stomatologiya. 2017;(2):107-110. [Khabilov N.L., Dadabaeva M.U., Moon T.O., Khabilov B.N. Zirconia - one of the modern dental materials. Stomatologiya. 2017;(2):107-110. (In Russ.)]. https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=37073425</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B3">
    <label>3.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sulaiman T.A., Altak A., Abdulmajeed A., Rodgers B., Lawson N. Cleaning Zirconia Surface Prior To Bonding: A ComparativeStudy of Different Methods and Solutions. Journal of prosthodontics. 2021;31(3):239-244. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jopr.13389</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sulaiman T.A., Altak A., Abdulmajeed A., Rodgers B., Lawson N. Cleaning Zirconia Surface Prior To Bonding: A ComparativeStudy of Different Methods and Solutions. Journal of prosthodontics. 2021;31(3):239-244. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jopr.13389</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B4">
    <label>4.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вердиян С.А., Брандт Н.Н. Методика определения флуоресценции диоксида циркония. В: Актуальные вопросы стоматологии: сборник научных трудов, посвященный основателю кафедры ортопедической стоматологии КГМУ, профессору Исаак Михайловичу Оксману, Казань, 18 февраля 2023 года. Казань: Казанский государственный медицинский университет; 2023. С. 108-111. [Verdiyan S.A., Brandt N.N. A method for determining the fluorescence of zirconium dioxide. In: Current issues in dentistry: collection of scientific papers dedicated to the founder of the Department of Orthopedic Dentistry at KSMU, professor Isaak Mikhailovich Oksman, Kazan, February 18, 2023. Kazan: Kazan State Medical University; 2023. Pp. 108-111. (In Russ.)]. https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=50766384</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Verdiyan S.A., Brandt N.N. Metodika opredeleniya fluorescencii dioksida cirkoniya. V: Aktual'nye voprosy stomatologii: sbornik nauchnyh trudov, posvyaschennyy osnovatelyu kafedry ortopedicheskoy stomatologii KGMU, professoru Isaak Mihaylovichu Oksmanu, Kazan', 18 fevralya 2023 goda. Kazan': Kazanskiy gosudarstvennyy medicinskiy universitet; 2023. S. 108-111. [Verdiyan S.A., Brandt N.N. A method for determining the fluorescence of zirconium dioxide. In: Current issues in dentistry: collection of scientific papers dedicated to the founder of the Department of Orthopedic Dentistry at KSMU, professor Isaak Mikhailovich Oksman, Kazan, February 18, 2023. Kazan: Kazan State Medical University; 2023. Pp. 108-111. (In Russ.)]. https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=50766384</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B5">
    <label>5.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ллака Э., Воронов И.А., Сахабиева Д.А., Лебеденко И.Ю. Применение монолитных мостовидных зубных протезов из полупрозрачного диоксида циркония российского и зарубежного производства. Евразийское Научное Объединение. 2021;(12-2):156-159. [Llaka E., Voronov I.A., Sakhabieva Ja.A., Lebedenko I.Yu. Application of monolithic bridge dental prostheses from semi-transparent zirconium dioxide of russian and foreign production. Evrazijskoe naučnoe obʺedinenie. 2021;(12-2):156-159. (In Russ.)]. https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=47766682</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Llaka E., Voronov I.A., Sahabieva D.A., Lebedenko I.Yu. Primenenie monolitnyh mostovidnyh zubnyh protezov iz poluprozrachnogo dioksida cirkoniya rossiyskogo i zarubezhnogo proizvodstva. Evraziyskoe Nauchnoe Ob'edinenie. 2021;(12-2):156-159. [Llaka E., Voronov I.A., Sakhabieva Ja.A., Lebedenko I.Yu. Application of monolithic bridge dental prostheses from semi-transparent zirconium dioxide of russian and foreign production. Evrazijskoe naučnoe obʺedinenie. 2021;(12-2):156-159. (In Russ.)]. https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=47766682</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B6">
    <label>6.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Candido L., Miotto L., Fais L., Cesar P., Pinelli L. Mechanical and Surface Properties of Monolithic Zirconia. Operative dentistry. 2018;43(3):E119-E128. https://doi.org/10.2341/17-019-l</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Candido L., Miotto L., Fais L., Cesar P., Pinelli L. Mechanical and Surface Properties of Monolithic Zirconia. Operative dentistry. 2018;43(3):E119-E128. https://doi.org/10.2341/17-019-l</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B7">
    <label>7.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Асташина Н.Б., Кульметьева В.Б., Пьянкова Е.С., Шатова И.А. Исследование характеристик диоксида циркония стоматологического назначения для CAD/CAM-технологии. Химия. Экология. Урбанистика. 2019;2:488-492. [Astashina N.B., Kulmetyeva V.B., Pyankova E.S., Shatova I.A. Study of the characteristics of zirconium dioxide of dental application for cad/cam-technology. Chemistry. Ecology. Urbanism. 2019;2:488-492. (In Russ.)]. https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=38486469</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Astashina N.B., Kul'met'eva V.B., P'yankova E.S., Shatova I.A. Issledovanie harakteristik dioksida cirkoniya stomatologicheskogo naznacheniya dlya CAD/CAM-tehnologii. Himiya. Ekologiya. Urbanistika. 2019;2:488-492. [Astashina N.B., Kulmetyeva V.B., Pyankova E.S., Shatova I.A. Study of the characteristics of zirconium dioxide of dental application for cad/cam-technology. Chemistry. Ecology. Urbanism. 2019;2:488-492. (In Russ.)]. https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=38486469</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B8">
    <label>8.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хабадзе З.С., Даврешян Г.К., Терехов М.С., Бакаев Ю.А., Абдулкеримова С.М., Блохина А.В. и др. Физико-химические условия долгосрочного функционирования реставраций с каркасом из диоксида циркония: обзор литературы. Медицинский алфавит. 2019;1(5):48-51. [Khabadze Z.S., Davreshyan G.K., Terekhov M.S., Bakaev Yu.A., Abdulkerimova S.M., Blokhina A.V. et al. Physical and chemical conditions for longterm functioning of restorations with zirconium-based framework: literature review. Medical alphabet. 2019;1(5):48-51. (In Russ.)]. https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=39195447</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Habadze Z.S., Davreshyan G.K., Terehov M.S., Bakaev Yu.A., Abdulkerimova S.M., Blohina A.V. i dr. Fiziko-himicheskie usloviya dolgosrochnogo funkcionirovaniya restavraciy s karkasom iz dioksida cirkoniya: obzor literatury. Medicinskiy alfavit. 2019;1(5):48-51. [Khabadze Z.S., Davreshyan G.K., Terekhov M.S., Bakaev Yu.A., Abdulkerimova S.M., Blokhina A.V. et al. Physical and chemical conditions for longterm functioning of restorations with zirconium-based framework: literature review. Medical alphabet. 2019;1(5):48-51. (In Russ.)]. https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=39195447</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B9">
    <label>9.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шумилович Б.Р., Ростовцев В.В., Крюкова С.Н., Станиславчук Е.С., Фонштейн А.М. Возможность клинического использования несъемных ортопедических конструкций из синтерированного диоксида циркония после их обработки различными видами алмазного инструмента (исследование invitro). Вестник новых медицинских технологий. Электронное издание. 2021;15(2):23-29. [Shumilovich B.R., Rostovtsev V.V., Kryukova S.N., Stanislavchuk E.S., Fonstein F.M. The possibility of clinical use of fixed orthopedic structures made of sintered zirconium dioxide after their treatment with various types of diamond tools (In vitro study). Journal of New Medical Technologies, eEdition. 2021;15(2):23-29. (In Russ.)] https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=45700071</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shumilovich B.R., Rostovcev V.V., Kryukova S.N., Stanislavchuk E.S., Fonshteyn A.M. Vozmozhnost' klinicheskogo ispol'zovaniya nes'emnyh ortopedicheskih konstrukciy iz sinterirovannogo dioksida cirkoniya posle ih obrabotki razlichnymi vidami almaznogo instrumenta (issledovanie invitro). Vestnik novyh medicinskih tehnologiy. Elektronnoe izdanie. 2021;15(2):23-29. [Shumilovich B.R., Rostovtsev V.V., Kryukova S.N., Stanislavchuk E.S., Fonstein F.M. The possibility of clinical use of fixed orthopedic structures made of sintered zirconium dioxide after their treatment with various types of diamond tools (In vitro study). Journal of New Medical Technologies, eEdition. 2021;15(2):23-29. (In Russ.)] https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=45700071</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B10">
    <label>10.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang Y., Lawn B. Novel Zirconia Materials in Dentistry. Journal of dental research. 2018;97(2):140-147. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5784474/</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang Y., Lawn B. Novel Zirconia Materials in Dentistry. Journal of dental research. 2018;97(2):140-147. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5784474/</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B11">
    <label>11.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лебеденко И.Ю. Современные отечественные материалы для безметалловых зубных протезов. Стоматология. 2017;96(1):60-62. [Lebedenko I.Yu. Modern home-manufactured materials for non-metal dental restorations. Stomatology. 2017;96(1):60-62. (In Russ.)]. https://doi.org/10.17116/stomat201796160-62</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lebedenko I.Yu. Sovremennye otechestvennye materialy dlya bezmetallovyh zubnyh protezov. Stomatologiya. 2017;96(1):60-62. [Lebedenko I.Yu. Modern home-manufactured materials for non-metal dental restorations. Stomatology. 2017;96(1):60-62. (In Russ.)]. https://doi.org/10.17116/stomat201796160-62</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B12">
    <label>12.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Заславский С.А., Гришкова Н.О., Жаров А.В., Бронштейн Д.А., Новоземцева Т.Н., Ремизова А.А. Отдаленные сравнительные результаты клинической эффективности металлокерамических и керамических мостовидных протезов на каркасах из диоксида циркония. Стоматология для всех. 2016;(2):6-8. [Zaslavskiy S.A., Grishkova N.O., Zharov A.V., Bronshteyn D.A., Novozemtseva T.N., Remizova A.A. Long-term comparative results of clinical effectiveness of metal and ceramic bridges on the frame of zirconia. International dental review. 2016;(2):6-8. (In Russ.)]. https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=26746121</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zaslavskiy S.A., Grishkova N.O., Zharov A.V., Bronshteyn D.A., Novozemceva T.N., Remizova A.A. Otdalennye sravnitel'nye rezul'taty klinicheskoy effektivnosti metallokeramicheskih i keramicheskih mostovidnyh protezov na karkasah iz dioksida cirkoniya. Stomatologiya dlya vseh. 2016;(2):6-8. [Zaslavskiy S.A., Grishkova N.O., Zharov A.V., Bronshteyn D.A., Novozemtseva T.N., Remizova A.A. Long-term comparative results of clinical effectiveness of metal and ceramic bridges on the frame of zirconia. International dental review. 2016;(2):6-8. (In Russ.)]. https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=26746121</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B13">
    <label>13.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kolakarnprasert N., Kaizer M.R., Kim D.K., Zhang Y. New multi-layered zirconias: Composition, microstructure and translucency. Dental materials. 2019;35(5):797-806. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2019.02.017</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kolakarnprasert N., Kaizer M.R., Kim D.K., Zhang Y. New multi-layered zirconias: Composition, microstructure and translucency. Dental materials. 2019;35(5):797-806. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2019.02.017</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B14">
    <label>14.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arellano Moncayo A.M., Peñate L., Arregui M., Giner-Tarrida L., Cedeño R. State of the Art of Different Zirconia Materials and Their Indications According to Evidence-Based Clinical Performance: A Narrative Review. Dentistry Journal. 2023;11(1):18. https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11010018</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arellano Moncayo A.M., Peñate L., Arregui M., Giner-Tarrida L., Cedeño R. State of the Art of Different Zirconia Materials and Their Indications According to Evidence-Based Clinical Performance: A Narrative Review. Dentistry Journal. 2023;11(1):18. https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11010018</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B15">
    <label>15.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рогожников Г.И., Шулятникова О.А., Гилева О.С., Рогожников А.Г., Никитин В.Н. Функциональные возможности керамических наноструктур, используемых для армирования полимерных конструкционных материалов стоматологического назначения. Пермский медицинский журнал. 2023;40(5):80-89. [Rogozhnikov G.I., Shuliatnikova O.A., Gileva O.S., Rogozhnikov A.G., Nikitin V.N. Functional capabilities of ceramic nanostructures used for reinforcement of polymer structural materials for dental purposes. Perm Medical Journal. 2023;40(5):80-89. (In Russ.)]. https://doi.org/10.17816/pmj40580-89</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rogozhnikov G.I., Shulyatnikova O.A., Gileva O.S., Rogozhnikov A.G., Nikitin V.N. Funkcional'nye vozmozhnosti keramicheskih nanostruktur, ispol'zuemyh dlya armirovaniya polimernyh konstrukcionnyh materialov stomatologicheskogo naznacheniya. Permskiy medicinskiy zhurnal. 2023;40(5):80-89. [Rogozhnikov G.I., Shuliatnikova O.A., Gileva O.S., Rogozhnikov A.G., Nikitin V.N. Functional capabilities of ceramic nanostructures used for reinforcement of polymer structural materials for dental purposes. Perm Medical Journal. 2023;40(5):80-89. (In Russ.)]. https://doi.org/10.17816/pmj40580-89</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B16">
    <label>16.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hjerppe J., Özcan M. Zirconia: More and More Translucent. Current Oral Health Reports. 2023;10(4):203-211. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/373016112_Zirconia_More_and_More_Translucent</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hjerppe J., Özcan M. Zirconia: More and More Translucent. Current Oral Health Reports. 2023;10(4):203-211. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/373016112_Zirconia_More_and_More_Translucent</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B17">
    <label>17.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Литвинова А. К. Современные аспекты применения диоксида циркония в ортопедической стоматологии. Молодежный инновационный вестник. 2021;10(S1):400-402. [Litvinova A.K. Modern aspects of the use of zirconium dioxide in orthopedic dentistry. Molodežnyj innovacionnyj vestnik. 2021;10(S1):400-402. (In Russ.)]. https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=47248531</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Litvinova A. K. Sovremennye aspekty primeneniya dioksida cirkoniya v ortopedicheskoy stomatologii. Molodezhnyy innovacionnyy vestnik. 2021;10(S1):400-402. [Litvinova A.K. Modern aspects of the use of zirconium dioxide in orthopedic dentistry. Molodežnyj innovacionnyj vestnik. 2021;10(S1):400-402. (In Russ.)]. https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=47248531</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B18">
    <label>18.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сахабиева Д.А., Деев М.С., Лебеденко И.Ю. Клиническая апробация chairside коронок из диоксида циркония &quot;Ziceram T&quot;. Danish Scientific Journal. 2022;(63):44-46. [Sakhabieva D., Deev M., Lebedenko I. Clinical testing of chairside zirconia crowns &quot;Ziceram T&quot;. Danish Scientific Journal. 2022;(63):44-46. (In Russ.)]. https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=49383828</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sahabieva D.A., Deev M.S., Lebedenko I.Yu. Klinicheskaya aprobaciya chairside koronok iz dioksida cirkoniya &quot;Ziceram T&quot;. Danish Scientific Journal. 2022;(63):44-46. [Sakhabieva D., Deev M., Lebedenko I. Clinical testing of chairside zirconia crowns &quot;Ziceram T&quot;. Danish Scientific Journal. 2022;(63):44-46. (In Russ.)]. https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=49383828</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B19">
    <label>19.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khabadze Z., Plotskaya A., Mordanov O., Protskiy M., Magomedova K., Meremkulov R. et al. Systematic Review of Zirconium Dioxide Restoration Decontamination Methods after Contact with Saliva During Try-In. Journal of International Dental and Medical Research. 2023;16(2):879-882. https://www.jidmr.com/journal/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/69-D23_2195_Zurab_Khabadze_Russia.pdf</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khabadze Z., Plotskaya A., Mordanov O., Protskiy M., Magomedova K., Meremkulov R. et al. Systematic Review of Zirconium Dioxide Restoration Decontamination Methods after Contact with Saliva During Try-In. Journal of International Dental and Medical Research. 2023;16(2):879-882. https://www.jidmr.com/journal/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/69-D23_2195_Zurab_Khabadze_Russia.pdf</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B20">
    <label>20.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Митюшкина Т.А., Фокина С.А., Коровушкина Е.К., Филиппов К.Ю., Меремкулов Р.А., Морданова А.В. и др. Сравнительный анализ иттрийсодержащих блоков диоксида циркония. Проблемы стоматологии. 2023;19(4):12-19. [Mityushkina T.A., Fokina S.A., Korovushkina E.K., Filippov K.Y., Meremkulov R.A., Mordanova A.V. et al. Comparative analysis of yttrium containing zirconium dioxide blocks. Actual Problems in Dentistry. 2023;19(4):12-19. (In Russ.)]. https://doi.org/10.18481/2077-7566-2023-19-4-12-19</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mityushkina T.A., Fokina S.A., Korovushkina E.K., Filippov K.Yu., Meremkulov R.A., Mordanova A.V. i dr. Sravnitel'nyy analiz ittriysoderzhaschih blokov dioksida cirkoniya. Problemy stomatologii. 2023;19(4):12-19. [Mityushkina T.A., Fokina S.A., Korovushkina E.K., Filippov K.Y., Meremkulov R.A., Mordanova A.V. et al. Comparative analysis of yttrium containing zirconium dioxide blocks. Actual Problems in Dentistry. 2023;19(4):12-19. (In Russ.)]. https://doi.org/10.18481/2077-7566-2023-19-4-12-19</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B21">
    <label>21.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Подзорова Л.И., Ильичева А.А., Михайлина Н.А., Пенькова О.И., Антонова О.С., Лебеденко И.Ю. и др. Керамика на основе сложнооксидного твердого раствора диоксида циркония в тетрагональной форме для ортопедической стоматологии. Перспективные материалы. 2024;(1):30-37. [Podzorova L., Il'icheva A., Mikhayilina N., Pen'kova O., Antonova O., Lebedenko I. et al. Ceramic based on complex oxide solid solution of zirconia in tetragonal form for prosthetic dentistry. Perspektivnye materialy. 2024;(1):30-37. (In Russ.)]. https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=65110588</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Podzorova L.I., Il'icheva A.A., Mihaylina N.A., Pen'kova O.I., Antonova O.S., Lebedenko I.Yu. i dr. Keramika na osnove slozhnooksidnogo tverdogo rastvora dioksida cirkoniya v tetragonal'noy forme dlya ortopedicheskoy stomatologii. Perspektivnye materialy. 2024;(1):30-37. [Podzorova L., Il'icheva A., Mikhayilina N., Pen'kova O., Antonova O., Lebedenko I. et al. Ceramic based on complex oxide solid solution of zirconia in tetragonal form for prosthetic dentistry. Perspektivnye materialy. 2024;(1):30-37. (In Russ.)]. https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=65110588</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B22">
    <label>22.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Морозова Л.В., Калинина М.В., Дроздова И.А., Колобов К.А., Шилова О.А. Нанокерамика на основе диоксида циркония - перспективный биоматериал для реставрационной стоматологии. Российская стоматология. 2015;8(2):64-70. [Morozova L.V., Kalinina M.V., Drozdova I.A., Kolobov K.A., Shilova O.A. Zirconium dioxide-based nanoceramic - a promising biomaterial for restorative stomatology. Russian Journal of Stomatology. 2015;8(2):64-70. (In Russ.)]. https://www.mediasphera.ru/issues/rossijskaya-stomatologiya/2015/2/downloads/ru/402072-640620150212</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morozova L.V., Kalinina M.V., Drozdova I.A., Kolobov K.A., Shilova O.A. Nanokeramika na osnove dioksida cirkoniya - perspektivnyy biomaterial dlya restavracionnoy stomatologii. Rossiyskaya stomatologiya. 2015;8(2):64-70. [Morozova L.V., Kalinina M.V., Drozdova I.A., Kolobov K.A., Shilova O.A. Zirconium dioxide-based nanoceramic - a promising biomaterial for restorative stomatology. Russian Journal of Stomatology. 2015;8(2):64-70. (In Russ.)]. https://www.mediasphera.ru/issues/rossijskaya-stomatologiya/2015/2/downloads/ru/402072-640620150212</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B23">
    <label>23.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Будный А.А., Плодистая И.Д. Современные технологии в ортопедической стоматологии. Бюллетень медицинских интернет-конференций. 2018;8(7):288. [Budny A.A., Plodistaya I.D. Modern technologies in orthopedic dentistry. Bulletin of medical Internet conferences. 2018;8(7):288. (In Russ.)]. https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=35644512</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Budnyy A.A., Plodistaya I.D. Sovremennye tehnologii v ortopedicheskoy stomatologii. Byulleten' medicinskih internet-konferenciy. 2018;8(7):288. [Budny A.A., Plodistaya I.D. Modern technologies in orthopedic dentistry. Bulletin of medical Internet conferences. 2018;8(7):288. (In Russ.)]. https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=35644512</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B24">
    <label>24.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бабаян Э.А. Эстеическая реставрация твердых тканей зубов с использованием материала диоксид циркония. Актуальные научные исследования в современном мире. 2021;(2-4):29-32. [Babayan E.A. Esthetic restoration of hard tooth tissues using the material zirconium dioxide. Aktualʹnye naučnye issledovaniâ v sovremennom mire. 2021;(2-4):29-32. (In Russ.)]. https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=45588464</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Babayan E.A. Esteicheskaya restavraciya tverdyh tkaney zubov s ispol'zovaniem materiala dioksid cirkoniya. Aktual'nye nauchnye issledovaniya v sovremennom mire. 2021;(2-4):29-32. [Babayan E.A. Esthetic restoration of hard tooth tissues using the material zirconium dioxide. Aktualʹnye naučnye issledovaniâ v sovremennom mire. 2021;(2-4):29-32. (In Russ.)]. https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=45588464</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B25">
    <label>25.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim S.-H., Choi Y.-S. Changes in properties of monolithic and conventional zirconia during aging process. Mechanics of Materials. 2019;138:103159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmat.2019.103159</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim S.-H., Choi Y.-S. Changes in properties of monolithic and conventional zirconia during aging process. Mechanics of Materials. 2019;138:103159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmat.2019.103159</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B26">
    <label>26.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ненашева Е.А., Быкова М.В., Поюровская И.Я., Гавриленко М.А. Испытания многослойного диоксида циркония на цветоанализаторе Спектрон-м. Флагман науки. 2023;(7):177-191. [Nenasheva E.A., Bykova M.V., Poyurovskaya I.Ya., Gavrilenko M.A. Testing of multilayer zirconium dioxide on the Spektron-m color analyzer. Flagman nauki. 2023;(7):177-191. (In Russ.)]. https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=54614800</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nenasheva E.A., Bykova M.V., Poyurovskaya I.Ya., Gavrilenko M.A. Ispytaniya mnogosloynogo dioksida cirkoniya na cvetoanalizatore Spektron-m. Flagman nauki. 2023;(7):177-191. [Nenasheva E.A., Bykova M.V., Poyurovskaya I.Ya., Gavrilenko M.A. Testing of multilayer zirconium dioxide on the Spektron-m color analyzer. Flagman nauki. 2023;(7):177-191. (In Russ.)]. https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=54614800</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B27">
    <label>27.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Darwich R.A., Awad M., Abou Neel E.A. Effect of Different Decontamination Methods on Fracture Resistance, Microstructure, and Surface Roughness of Zirconia Restorations-In Vitro Study. Materials (Basel). 2023;16(6):2356. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16062356</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Darwich R.A., Awad M., Abou Neel E.A. Effect of Different Decontamination Methods on Fracture Resistance, Microstructure, and Surface Roughness of Zirconia Restorations-In Vitro Study. Materials (Basel). 2023;16(6):2356. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16062356</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B28">
    <label>28.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Inokoshi M., Shimizubata M., Nozaki K., Takagaki T., Yoshihara K., Minakuchi S. et al. Impact of sandblasting on the flexural strength of highly translucent zirconia. Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials. 2021;115:104268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104268</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Inokoshi M., Shimizubata M., Nozaki K., Takagaki T., Yoshihara K., Minakuchi S. et al. Impact of sandblasting on the flexural strength of highly translucent zirconia. Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials. 2021;115:104268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104268</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
  </ref-list>
 </back>
</article>
