<!DOCTYPE article
PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20190208//EN"
       "JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.4" xml:lang="en">
 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Actual problems in dentistry</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Actual problems in dentistry</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Проблемы стоматологии</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">2077-7566</issn>
   <issn publication-format="online">2412-9461</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">100272</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18481/2077-7566-2025-21-2-189-196</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>ОРТОПЕДИЧЕСКАЯ И ЦИФРОВАЯ СТОМАТОЛОГИЯ</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>ORTHOPEDIC AND DIGITAL DENTISTRY</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>ОРТОПЕДИЧЕСКАЯ И ЦИФРОВАЯ СТОМАТОЛОГИЯ</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION OF THE ADHESIVE BONDING INTERFACE OF FOURTH-GENERATION ADHESIVE SYSTEMS TO CERAMIC RESTORATIONS BY ELECTRON PROBE MICROANALYSIS (EPMA)</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ЭЛЕМЕНТНОГО СОСТАВА ЗОНЫ АДГЕЗИОННОГО СОЕДИНЕНИЯ АДГЕЗИВНЫХ СИСТЕМ IV ПОКОЛЕНИЯ С КЕРАМИЧЕСКИМИ КОНСТРУКЦИЯМИ МЕТОДОМ РЕНТГЕНОВСКОГО МИКРОЗОНДОВОГО АНАЛИЗА</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Сахабутдинова</surname>
       <given-names>Диана Рамильевна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Sakhabutdinova</surname>
       <given-names>Diana R.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>SDDianka@yandex.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Демин</surname>
       <given-names>Ярослав Дмитриевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Demin</surname>
       <given-names>Yaroslav D.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>yaroslav-demin@yandex.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат медицинских наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of medical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Тиунова</surname>
       <given-names>Наталья Викторовна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Tiunova</surname>
       <given-names>Natalia V.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>natali5_@list.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор медицинских наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of medical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Жданова</surname>
       <given-names>Мария Леонидовна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Zhdanova</surname>
       <given-names>Maria L.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>mariya.zhdanova@unn.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат медицинских наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of medical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Сазонов</surname>
       <given-names>Игорь Александрович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Sazonov</surname>
       <given-names>Igor A.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>sazonov.igor.1987@yandex.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский Нижегородский государственный университет им. Н.И. Лобачевского</institution>
     <city>Нижний Новгород</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia</institution>
     <city>Nizhny Novgorod</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский Нижегородский государственный университет им. Н.И. Лобачевского</institution>
     <city>Нижний Новгород</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod</institution>
     <city>Nizhny Novgorod</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Нижегородский государственный университет им. Н.И. Лобачевского</institution>
     <city>Нижний Новгород</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod</institution>
     <city>Nizhny Novgorod</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-4">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский Нижегородский государственный университет им. Н.И. Лобачевского</institution>
     <city>Нижний Новгород</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod</institution>
     <city>Nizhny Novgorod</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-5">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский Нижегородский государственный университет им. Н.И. Лобачевского</institution>
     <city>Нижний Новгород</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod</institution>
     <city>Nizhny Novgorod</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-07-28T12:18:28+03:00">
    <day>28</day>
    <month>07</month>
    <year>2025</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-07-28T12:18:28+03:00">
    <day>28</day>
    <month>07</month>
    <year>2025</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>21</volume>
   <issue>2</issue>
   <fpage>189</fpage>
   <lpage>196</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-06-23T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>23</day>
     <month>06</month>
     <year>2025</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://dental-press.ru/en/nauka/article/100272/view">https://dental-press.ru/en/nauka/article/100272/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Введение. Развитие адгезивной стоматологии значительно изменило клиническую практику, позволив достигать высоких показателей прочности между реставрационными материалами и зубными тканями. Особую актуальность сохраняют адгезивные системы IV поколения, зарекомендовавшие себя как надежный стандарт благодаря высокой прочности связи и минимальному краевому микроподтеканию. В условиях ограниченного импорта возрастает потребность в объективной оценке отечественных аналогов зарубежных материалов. Отечественная адгезивная система позиционируется как конкурентоспособная альтернатива зарубежному варианту, однако сравнительных данных о химических особенностях взаимодействия с керамикой недостаточно. В связи с этим актуальны исследования, основанные на рентгеновском микрозондовом анализе (РМА) для оценки формирования межфазных соединений.&#13;
Цель исследования. Сравнительное исследование элементного состава зоны адгезии отечественной и зарубежной адгезивной систем с керамическими конструкциями методом рентгеновского микрозондового анализа (РМА) для выявления особенностей химических взаимодействий на границе раздела материалов и оценки эффективности формирования адгезионного соединения.&#13;
Материалы и методы. Проведено сравнительное лабораторное исследование адгезионного соединения двухкомпонентных адгезивных систем IV поколения отечественного и зарубежного производителей с литийдисиликатной керамикой. Поверхности керамических образцов протравливались, после чего наносился адгезивный слой с последующей полимеризацией и послойным нанесением наногибридного композитного материала светового отверждения. Микроструктура зон адгезии исследовалась с помощью сканирующего электронного микроскопа JSM-IT300LV (JEOL, Япония). Элементный состав и распределение компонентов в зоне адгезионного соединения определяли методом энергодисперсионного рентгеновского микрозондового анализа (РМА) с использованием детектора X-MaxN 20 (Oxford Instruments).&#13;
Результаты. Проведённое лабораторное исследование показало высокую эффективность отечественной адгезивной системы. Отечественная система продемонстрировала сопоставимые показатели, подтвердив надёжную инфильтрацию и адгезию, что свидетельствует о её потенциале как конкурентоспособной альтернативы зарубежным материалам.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>Introduction. The development of adhesive dentistry has significantly transformed clinical practice, enabling high levels of bond strength between restorative materials and dental tissues. Fourth-generation adhesive systems remain especially relevant, having established themselves as a reliable standard due to their high bond strength and minimal marginal microleakage. In the context of restricted imports, there is an increasing need for objective evaluation of domestic alternatives to foreign materials. The domestic adhesive system is positioned as a competitive alternative to foreign counterparts; however, comparative data on its chemical interaction with ceramic materials remain insufficient. Therefore, studies based on Electron Probe X-ray Microanalysis (EPMA) are particularly valuable for assessing the formation of interfacial bonds.&#13;
Aim. A comparative study of the elemental composition in the adhesive interface zone between domestic and foreign adhesive systems with ceramic restorations using X-ray microprobe analysis (EPMA) to identify the specific features of chemical interactions at the material interface and to assess the effectiveness of adhesive bond formation.&#13;
Materials and Methods.  A comparative in vitro study was conducted to assess the adhesive interface of two-component fourth-generation adhesive systems produced by domestic and foreign manufacturers with lithium disilicate ceramics. The surfaces of the ceramic specimens were etched, followed by the application of an adhesive layer, polymerization, and subsequent incremental placement of a light-cured nanohybrid composite material. The microstructure of the adhesive interface zones was examined using a scanning electron microscope JSM-IT300LV (JEOL, Japan). The elemental composition and distribution of components within the adhesive interface were determined by Electron Probe X-ray Microanalysis (EPMA) using an X-MaxN 20 detector (Oxford Instruments).&#13;
Results. The laboratory study demonstrated the high performance of the domestic adhesive system. The domestic system exhibited comparable characteristics to the foreign material, confirming reliable infiltration and adhesion to the ceramic surface. These findings indicate its potential as a competitive alternative to imported adhesive systems.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>адгезивные системы</kwd>
    <kwd>адгезия</kwd>
    <kwd>керамические реставрации</kwd>
    <kwd>адгезионное соединение</kwd>
    <kwd>рентгеновский микрозондовый анализ</kwd>
    <kwd>элементный состав</kwd>
    <kwd>сканирующая электронная микроскопия</kwd>
    <kwd>стоматологические материалы</kwd>
    <kwd>импортозамещение в стоматологии</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>adhesive systems</kwd>
    <kwd>adhesion</kwd>
    <kwd>ceramic restorations</kwd>
    <kwd>adhesive bond</kwd>
    <kwd>energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis</kwd>
    <kwd>elemental composition</kwd>
    <kwd>scanning electron microscopy</kwd>
    <kwd>dental materials</kwd>
    <kwd>import substitution in dentistry</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p></p>
 </body>
 <back>
  <ref-list>
   <ref id="B1">
    <label>1.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Subramani K., Ahmed W., Hartsfield J.K. eds. Nanobiomaterials in Clinical Dentistry. Waltham: William Andrew Publishing; 2013. 519 p. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2012-0-01361-0</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Subramani K., Ahmed W., Hartsfield J.K. eds. Nanobiomaterials in Clinical Dentistry. Waltham: William Andrew Publishing; 2013. 519 p. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2012-0-01361-0</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B2">
    <label>2.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sruthi Y.S.S., Rao B.L., Chakradhar V., Sravanthi T.L.G., Parvathi P.S.H.L. Long way of adhesives in prosthodontics. Indian Journal Of Applied Research. 2020;10(8):79-81. https://doi.org/10.36106/ijar/9309124</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sruthi Y.S.S., Rao B.L., Chakradhar V., Sravanthi T.L.G., Parvathi P.S.H.L. Long way of adhesives in prosthodontics. Indian Journal Of Applied Research. 2020;10(8):79-81. https://doi.org/10.36106/ijar/9309124</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B3">
    <label>3.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bourgi R., Kharouf N., Cuevas Suárez C., Łukomska-Szymańska M., Haikel Y., Hardan L. A literature review of adhesive systems in dentistry: key components and their clinical applications. Applied Sciences. 2024;14(18):8111. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14188111.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bourgi R., Kharouf N., Cuevas Suárez C., Łukomska-Szymańska M., Haikel Y., Hardan L. A literature review of adhesive systems in dentistry: key components and their clinical applications. Applied Sciences. 2024;14(18):8111. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14188111.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B4">
    <label>4.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Борисенко Л.Г., Редер А.С. Сравнительный анализ и эффективность адгезивных систем различных поколений. Методы адгезивной подготовки зубов: учебно-методическое пособие. Минск: БГМУ; 2023. 43 с. [Borisenko L.G., Reder A.S. Comparative analysis and effectiveness of adhesive systems of different generations. Methods of adhesive preparation of teeth: an educational and methodical manual. Minsk: BSMU; 2023. 43 p. (In Russ.)]. https://rep.bsmu.by/bitstream/handle/BSMU/37731/978-985-21-1268-0.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Borisenko L.G., Reder A.S. Sravnitel'nyy analiz i effektivnost' adgezivnyh sistem razlichnyh pokoleniy. Metody adgezivnoy podgotovki zubov: uchebno-metodicheskoe posobie. Minsk: BGMU; 2023. 43 s. [Borisenko L.G., Reder A.S. Comparative analysis and effectiveness of adhesive systems of different generations. Methods of adhesive preparation of teeth: an educational and methodical manual. Minsk: BSMU; 2023. 43 p. (In Russ.)]. https://rep.bsmu.by/bitstream/handle/BSMU/37731/978-985-21-1268-0.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B5">
    <label>5.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhao Z., Wang Q., Zhao J., Zhao B., Ma Z., Zhang C. Adhesion of teeth. Frontiers in Materials. 2021;7:615225. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2020.615225.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhao Z., Wang Q., Zhao J., Zhao B., Ma Z., Zhang C. Adhesion of teeth. Frontiers in Materials. 2021;7:615225. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2020.615225.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B6">
    <label>6.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Робакидзе Н.С., Жидких Е.Д., Зайцева А.Г. Современные концепции адгезивной стоматологии. Институт стоматологии. 2021;(3):76-79. [Robakidze N.S., Zhidkikh E.D., Zaitseva A.G. Modern concepts of adhesive dentistry. The Dental Institute. 2021;(3):76-79. (In Russ.)]. https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=46652207</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Robakidze N.S., Zhidkih E.D., Zayceva A.G. Sovremennye koncepcii adgezivnoy stomatologii. Institut stomatologii. 2021;(3):76-79. [Robakidze N.S., Zhidkikh E.D., Zaitseva A.G. Modern concepts of adhesive dentistry. The Dental Institute. 2021;(3):76-79. (In Russ.)]. https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=46652207</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B7">
    <label>7.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Călinoiu Ș.G., Bîcleșanu C., Florescu A., Stoia D.I., Dumitru C., Miculescu M. Comparative study on interface fracture of 4th generation 3-steps adhesive and 7th generation universal adhesive. Materials. 2023;16(17):5834. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16175834</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Călinoiu Ș.G., Bîcleșanu C., Florescu A., Stoia D.I., Dumitru C., Miculescu M. Comparative study on interface fracture of 4th generation 3-steps adhesive and 7th generation universal adhesive. Materials. 2023;16(17):5834. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16175834</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B8">
    <label>8.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шестакова С.П. Импортозамещение в отечественной стоматологии: достижения, перспективы, проблемы и пути их решения. В: Cтуденческая наука: актуальные вопросы, достижения и инновации: сборник статей V Международной научно-практической конференции; Пенза; 12 декабря 2021 года. Пенза: Наука и Просвещение; 2021. С. 304-309. [Shestakova S.P. Import substitution in domestic dentistry: achievements, prospects, problems and ways to solve them. In: Student science: current issues, achievements and innovations: collection of articles of the V International Scientific and Practical Conference; Penza; December 12, 2021. Penza: Science and Education; 2021. pp. 304-309. (In Russ.)]. https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=47355830</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shestakova S.P. Importozameschenie v otechestvennoy stomatologii: dostizheniya, perspektivy, problemy i puti ih resheniya. V: Ctudencheskaya nauka: aktual'nye voprosy, dostizheniya i innovacii: sbornik statey V Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferencii; Penza; 12 dekabrya 2021 goda. Penza: Nauka i Prosveschenie; 2021. S. 304-309. [Shestakova S.P. Import substitution in domestic dentistry: achievements, prospects, problems and ways to solve them. In: Student science: current issues, achievements and innovations: collection of articles of the V International Scientific and Practical Conference; Penza; December 12, 2021. Penza: Science and Education; 2021. pp. 304-309. (In Russ.)]. https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=47355830</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B9">
    <label>9.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Паршоев А.Ш., Паршоева Л.Ш. Импортозамещение стоматологических материалов в условиях санкций. Трибуна ученого. 2022;(6):339-344. [Parshoev A.Sh., Parshoeva L.Sh. Import substitution of dental materials under sanctions. Tribuna učënogo. 2022;(6):339-344. (In Russ.)]. https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=49167272</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Parshoev A.Sh., Parshoeva L.Sh. Importozameschenie stomatologicheskih materialov v usloviyah sankciy. Tribuna uchenogo. 2022;(6):339-344. [Parshoev A.Sh., Parshoeva L.Sh. Import substitution of dental materials under sanctions. Tribuna učënogo. 2022;(6):339-344. (In Russ.)]. https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=49167272</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B10">
    <label>10.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пермякова А.В. Николаев А.И. Исследование прочностных характеристик композитного реставрационного материала российского производства. Прикладные информационные аспекты медицины. 2020;23(2):64-69. [Permyakova A.V., Nikolaev A.I. Research of strength characteristics of composite restoration material of russian production. Applied Information Aspects of Medicine. 2020;23(2):64-69. (In Russ.)]. https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=43844624</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Permyakova A.V. Nikolaev A.I. Issledovanie prochnostnyh harakteristik kompozitnogo restavracionnogo materiala rossiyskogo proizvodstva. Prikladnye informacionnye aspekty mediciny. 2020;23(2):64-69. [Permyakova A.V., Nikolaev A.I. Research of strength characteristics of composite restoration material of russian production. Applied Information Aspects of Medicine. 2020;23(2):64-69. (In Russ.)]. https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=43844624</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B11">
    <label>11.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Enuh B.M. Why is the Elemental Analysis of Dental Materials Important? AZoM. 12.01.2023. Available from: https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=22328</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Enuh B.M. Why is the Elemental Analysis of Dental Materials Important? AZoM. 12.01.2023. Available from: https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=22328</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B12">
    <label>12.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Демин Я.Д. Клинико-экспериментальное обоснование оптимизации протокола адгезивной фиксации при протезировании керамическими конструкциями; диссертация на соискание ученой степени кандидата медицинских наук. Нижний Новгород; 2019. 158 с. [Demin Ya.D. Clinical and experimental substantiation of the optimization of the protocol of adhesive fixation in prosthetics with ceramic structures; dissertation for the degree of candidate of medical sciences. Nizhny Novgorod; 2019. 158 p. (In Russ.)]. https://www.dissercat.com/content/kliniko-eksperimentalnoe-obosnovanie-optimizatsii-protokola-adgezivnoi-fiksatsii-pri-protezi</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Demin Ya.D. Kliniko-eksperimental'noe obosnovanie optimizacii protokola adgezivnoy fiksacii pri protezirovanii keramicheskimi konstrukciyami; dissertaciya na soiskanie uchenoy stepeni kandidata medicinskih nauk. Nizhniy Novgorod; 2019. 158 s. [Demin Ya.D. Clinical and experimental substantiation of the optimization of the protocol of adhesive fixation in prosthetics with ceramic structures; dissertation for the degree of candidate of medical sciences. Nizhny Novgorod; 2019. 158 p. (In Russ.)]. https://www.dissercat.com/content/kliniko-eksperimentalnoe-obosnovanie-optimizatsii-protokola-adgezivnoi-fiksatsii-pri-protezi</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B13">
    <label>13.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Buser R., Dönmez M.B., Hoffmann M., Hampe R., Stawarczyk B. Fatigue behavior and reliability of pressed lithium disilicate ceramics compared to 5Y-TZP zirconia under different loading protocols. Dental Materials. 2025;41(2):134-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2024.11.005</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Buser R., Dönmez M.B., Hoffmann M., Hampe R., Stawarczyk B. Fatigue behavior and reliability of pressed lithium disilicate ceramics compared to 5Y-TZP zirconia under different loading protocols. Dental Materials. 2025;41(2):134-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2024.11.005</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B14">
    <label>14.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lubauer J., Belli R., Peterlik H., Hurle K., Lohbauer U. Grasping the Lithium hype: Insights into modern dental Lithium Silicate glass-ceramics. Dental materials. 2022;38(2):318-332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2021.12.013</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lubauer J., Belli R., Peterlik H., Hurle K., Lohbauer U. Grasping the Lithium hype: Insights into modern dental Lithium Silicate glass-ceramics. Dental materials. 2022;38(2):318-332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2021.12.013</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B15">
    <label>15.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stawarczyk B., Mandl A., Liebermann A. Modern CAD/CAM silicate ceramics, their translucency level and impact of hydrothermal aging on translucency, Martens hardness, biaxial flexural strength and their reliability. JJournal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials. 2021;118:104456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104456</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stawarczyk B., Mandl A., Liebermann A. Modern CAD/CAM silicate ceramics, their translucency level and impact of hydrothermal aging on translucency, Martens hardness, biaxial flexural strength and their reliability. JJournal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials. 2021;118:104456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104456</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B16">
    <label>16.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Montazerian M., Baino .F, Fiume E., Migneco C., Alaghmandfard A., Sedighi O. et al. Glass-ceramics in dentistry: Fundamentals, technologies, experimental techniques, applications, and open issues. Progress in Materials Science. 2023;132:101023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2022.101023</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Montazerian M., Baino .F, Fiume E., Migneco C., Alaghmandfard A., Sedighi O. et al. Glass-ceramics in dentistry: Fundamentals, technologies, experimental techniques, applications, and open issues. Progress in Materials Science. 2023;132:101023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2022.101023</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B17">
    <label>17.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alves M.F.R.P., Ferrandez-Montero A., Ferrari B., Fernandes M.H.F.V., Olhero S.M., Sanchez-Herencia A.J. Manufacturing of lithium disilicate glass-ceramics by Vat-photopolymerization of water-based photocurable suspensions. Open Ceramics. 2025;21:100742. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceram.2025.100742.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alves M.F.R.P., Ferrandez-Montero A., Ferrari B., Fernandes M.H.F.V., Olhero S.M., Sanchez-Herencia A.J. Manufacturing of lithium disilicate glass-ceramics by Vat-photopolymerization of water-based photocurable suspensions. Open Ceramics. 2025;21:100742. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceram.2025.100742.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B18">
    <label>18.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Palla E-S., Kontonasaki E., Kantiranis N., Papadopoulou L., Zorba T., Paraskevopoulos K.M. et al. Color stability of lithium disilicate ceramics after aging and immersion in common beverages. The Journal of prosthetic dentistry. 2018;119(4):632-642. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2017.04.031</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Palla E-S., Kontonasaki E., Kantiranis N., Papadopoulou L., Zorba T., Paraskevopoulos K.M. et al. Color stability of lithium disilicate ceramics after aging and immersion in common beverages. The Journal of prosthetic dentistry. 2018;119(4):632-642. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2017.04.031</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B19">
    <label>19.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Honma T., Maeda K., Nakane S., Shinozaki K. Unique properties and potential of glass-ceramics. Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan. 2022;130(8):545-551. https://doi.org/10.2109/jcersj2.22037</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Honma T., Maeda K., Nakane S., Shinozaki K. Unique properties and potential of glass-ceramics. Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan. 2022;130(8):545-551. https://doi.org/10.2109/jcersj2.22037</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B20">
    <label>20.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кузнецова Е.Д. Применение современных адгезивных систем в клинической стоматологии. Молодой ученый. 2019;(44):143-147. [Kuznetsova E.D. Application of modern adhesive systems in clinical dentistry. Young scientist. 2019;(44):143-147. (In Russ.)]. https://moluch.ru/archive/282/63559/</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuznecova E.D. Primenenie sovremennyh adgezivnyh sistem v klinicheskoy stomatologii. Molodoy uchenyy. 2019;(44):143-147. [Kuznetsova E.D. Application of modern adhesive systems in clinical dentistry. Young scientist. 2019;(44):143-147. (In Russ.)]. https://moluch.ru/archive/282/63559/</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B21">
    <label>21.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Уруков Н.Ю., Яковлева М.В., Назаров А.В. Применение современных адгезивных систем и их роль в клинической стоматологии. Здравоохранение Чувашии. 2022;(4):83-91. [Urukov N.Yu., Yakovleva M.V., Nazarov A.V. The use of modern adhesive systems and their role in clinical dentistry. Healthcare of Chuvashia. 2022;(4):83-91. (In Russ.)]. https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=50050357</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Urukov N.Yu., Yakovleva M.V., Nazarov A.V. Primenenie sovremennyh adgezivnyh sistem i ih rol' v klinicheskoy stomatologii. Zdravoohranenie Chuvashii. 2022;(4):83-91. [Urukov N.Yu., Yakovleva M.V., Nazarov A.V. The use of modern adhesive systems and their role in clinical dentistry. Healthcare of Chuvashia. 2022;(4):83-91. (In Russ.)]. https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=50050357</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
  </ref-list>
 </back>
</article>
