<!DOCTYPE article
PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20190208//EN"
       "JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.4" xml:lang="en">
 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Actual problems in dentistry</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Actual problems in dentistry</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Проблемы стоматологии</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">2077-7566</issn>
   <issn publication-format="online">2412-9461</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">86159</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18481/2077-7566-2024-20-2-127-134</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>ХИРУРГИЧЕСКАЯ СТОМАТОЛОГИЯ И  ИМПЛАНТОЛОГИЯ</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>SURGICAL DENTISTRY AND IMPLANTOLOGY</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>ХИРУРГИЧЕСКАЯ СТОМАТОЛОГИЯ И  ИМПЛАНТОЛОГИЯ</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF THE MICRORELIEF OF THE SURFACE OF DENTAL IMPLANTS ON ITS PRIMARY STABILITY IN VARIOUS TYPES OF BONE TISSUE</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>СРАВНИТЕЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ВЛИЯНИЯ МИКРОРЕЛЬЕФА ПОВЕРХНОСТИ ДЕНТАЛЬНЫХ ИМПЛАНТАТОВ НА ИХ ПЕРВИЧНУЮ СТАБИЛЬНОСТЬ В КОСТНОЙ ТКАНИ</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Мурзабеков</surname>
       <given-names>Ахмед Исропилович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Murzabekov</surname>
       <given-names>Ahmed I.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>ahmedckb@yandex.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Салех</surname>
       <given-names>Карина Мустафаевна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Salekh</surname>
       <given-names>Karina M.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>ms.s.karina@mail.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Серебряный</surname>
       <given-names>Сергей Владимирович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Serebryanyy</surname>
       <given-names>Sergey Vladimirovich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>serebroserge@yandex.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Добрынин</surname>
       <given-names>Иван Анатольевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Dobrynin</surname>
       <given-names>Ivan A.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>ivandobrynin075@gmail.com</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Савинов</surname>
       <given-names>Максим Сергеевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Savinov</surname>
       <given-names>Maksim S.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>MSSavinov@mephi.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Целиков</surname>
       <given-names>Даниил Игоревич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Tselikov</surname>
       <given-names>Daniil I.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>DITselikov@mephi.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Климентов</surname>
       <given-names>Сергей Михайлович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Klimentov</surname>
       <given-names>Sergey M.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>SMKlimentov@mephi.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-7"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Сергеев</surname>
       <given-names>Юрий Андреевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Sergeev</surname>
       <given-names>Yuriy Andreevich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>serg_yuriy@mail.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат медицинских наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of medical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-8"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Аванисян</surname>
       <given-names>Вазген Михайлович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Avanisyan</surname>
       <given-names>Vazgen Mikhaylovich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>avanvaz@yandex.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-9"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Центральная клиническая больница с поликлиникой Управления Делами Президента Российской Федерации</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Central Clinical Hospital with a Polyclinic of the Office of the President of the Russian Federation</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Patrice Lumumba Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Peoples' Friendship University of Russia</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-4">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский технологический университет «МИСИС»</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">National Research Technological University «MISIS»</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-5">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Инженерно-физический институт биомедицины Национального исследовательского ядерного университета «МИФИ»</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Engineering Physics Institute for Biomedicine of National Research Nuclear University «MEPhI»</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-6">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Инженерно-физический институт биомедицины Национального исследовательского ядерного университета «МИФИ»</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Engineering Physics Institute for Biomedicine of National Research Nuclear University «MEPhI»</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-7">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Инженерно-физический институт биомедицины Национального исследовательского ядерного университета «МИФИ»</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Engineering Physics Institute for Biomedicine of National Research Nuclear University «MEPhI»</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-8">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Ставропольский государственный медицинский университет</institution>
     <city>Ставрополь</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Stavropol State Medical University</institution>
     <city>Stavropol</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-9">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Ставропольский государственный медицинский университет</institution>
     <city>Ставрополь</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Stavropol State Medical University</institution>
     <city>Stavropol</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-08-02T23:02:28+03:00">
    <day>02</day>
    <month>08</month>
    <year>2024</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-08-02T23:02:28+03:00">
    <day>02</day>
    <month>08</month>
    <year>2024</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>20</volume>
   <issue>2</issue>
   <fpage>127</fpage>
   <lpage>134</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-08-01T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>01</day>
     <month>08</month>
     <year>2024</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://dental-press.ru/en/nauka/article/86159/view">https://dental-press.ru/en/nauka/article/86159/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Актуальность. Дентальные имплантаты широко используются в стоматологии для восстановления зубного ряда. Первичная стабильность имплантата играет ключевую роль в успешной остеоинтеграции и долгосрочной функциональности имплантата. Исследование влияния микрорельефа поверхности имплантатов на их первичную стабильность в костной ткани имеет большое практическое значение, так как может помочь определить оптимальные характеристики поверхности имплантата для достижения наилучших результатов при его установке.&#13;
Цель исследования – оценить влияние микрошероховатости поверхности дентальных имплантатов на торк и их первичную стабильность.&#13;
Материалы и методы. Исследование включало использование 223 дентальных имплантатов диаметром 4.0 мм, длиной 10 мм с одинаковой геометрией. Исследуемые образцы соответствовали геометрии имплантата ИРИС ЛИКО-М (ООО «НПК Ликостом», Россия). Имплантаты были обработаны тремя различными методами и установлены в полиуретановые блоки, имитирующие костную ткань второго типа D2. Для определения усилия (торка) при установке имплантатов использовали физиодиспенсер Venton M3 (Китай); стабильность имплантатов (ISQ) после установки оценивали аппаратом Penguin PFA (Швеция). Статистический анализ данных проводился с применением критерия Краскела–Уоллиса и апостериорного критерия Данна.&#13;
Результаты исследования. Исследование показало, что группы 2 (кислотное травление), 3 (лазерная обработка), 4 (контрольный образец) имеют нормальное распределение значений торка и ISQ, в то время как группа 1 (плазменное электролитическое оксидирование) не соответствует нормальному распределению. Проведенный тест Краскела–Уоллиса выявил статистически значимые различия между группами по уровню торка и стабильности (ISQ). Апостериорный тест Данна показал статистически значимые различия торка между группами 1 и 4, 2 и 4, 3 и 4, а также статистически значимые различия ISQ между группами 2 и 4, 3 и 4.&#13;
Выводы. Поверхностные характеристики имплантатов не оказывают статистически значимого влияния на первичную стабильность, определенную по показателям торка и ISQ.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>The relevance. Dental implants are widely used in dentistry to restore the dentition. The primary stability of the implant plays a key role in the successful osseointegration and long-term functionality of the implant. The study of the effect of the microrelief of the implant surface on their primary stability of bone tissue is of great practical importance, as it can help determine the optimal characteristics of the implant surface to achieve the best results during its installation.&#13;
The aim is to evaluate the effect of the micro-roughness of the surface of dental implants on the torque and their primary stability.&#13;
Materials and methods. The study included the use of 223 dental implants with a diameter of 4.0 mm, a length of 10 mm with the same geometry. The studied samples corresponded to the geometry of the IRIS LIKO-M implant (LLC NPK Likostom, Russia). The implants were processed by 3 different methods and installed in polyurethane blocks imitating bone tissue of the second type D2. To determine the force (torque) during implant installation, a Venton M3 physiodispenser (China) was used; implant stability (ISQ) after installation was evaluated by a Penguin PFA device (Sweden). Statistical analysis of the data was carried out using the Kruskal–Wallis criterion and the posteriori Dunn criterion.&#13;
The results of the study. The study showed that groups 2 (acid etching), 3 (laser treatment), 4 (control sample) have a normal distribution of torque and ISQ values, while group 1 (plasma electrolytic oxidation) does not correspond to a normal distribution. The Kruskal–Wallis test revealed statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of torque and stability (ISQ). Dunn's a posteriori test showed statistically significant differences in torque between groups 1 and 4, 2 and 4, 3 and 4, as well as statistically significant differences in ISQ between groups 2 and 4, 3 and 4.&#13;
Conclusions. The surface characteristics of the implants do not have a statistically significant effect on the primary stability determined by the torque and ISQ indicators.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>дентальные имплантаты</kwd>
    <kwd>микрорельеф</kwd>
    <kwd>первичная стабильность</kwd>
    <kwd>торк</kwd>
    <kwd>поверхность имплантатов</kwd>
    <kwd>немедленная нагрузка</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>dental implants</kwd>
    <kwd>microrelief</kwd>
    <kwd>primary stability</kwd>
    <kwd>torque</kwd>
    <kwd>implant surface</kwd>
    <kwd>immediate loading</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p></p>
 </body>
 <back>
  <ref-list>
   <ref id="B1">
    <label>1.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carr B.R., Jeon-Slaughter H., Neal T.W., Gulko J.A., Kolar N.C., Finn R.A. Low Insertional Torque and Early Dental Implant Failure // J Oral Maxillofac Surg. – 2022;80(6):1069-1077. doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2022.02.001.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carr B.R., Jeon-Slaughter H., Neal T.W., Gulko J.A., Kolar N.C., Finn R.A. Low Insertional Torque and Early Dental Implant Failure // J Oral Maxillofac Surg. – 2022;80(6):1069-1077. doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2022.02.001.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B2">
    <label>2.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Haseeb S.A., Rajendra K., Manual L., Kochhar A.S., Dubey D., Dang G.S. Comparative Evaluation of Implant Stability, Insertion Torque, and Implant Macrogeometry in Different Bone Densities Using Resonance Frequency Analysis // J Contemp Dent Pract. – 2021;22(6):665-668. PMID: 34393124.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Haseeb S.A., Rajendra K., Manual L., Kochhar A.S., Dubey D., Dang G.S. Comparative Evaluation of Implant Stability, Insertion Torque, and Implant Macrogeometry in Different Bone Densities Using Resonance Frequency Analysis // J Contemp Dent Pract. – 2021;22(6):665-668. PMID: 34393124.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B3">
    <label>3.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Monje A., Ravidà A., Wang H.L., Helms J.A., Brunski J.B. Relationship Between Primary/Mechanical and Secondary/Biological Implant Stability // Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. – 2019;34:s7-s23. doi: 10.11607/jomi.19suppl.g1.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Monje A., Ravidà A., Wang H.L., Helms J.A., Brunski J.B. Relationship Between Primary/Mechanical and Secondary/Biological Implant Stability // Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. – 2019;34:s7-s23. doi: 10.11607/jomi.19suppl.g1.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B4">
    <label>4.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Raz P., Meir H., Levartovsky S., Sebaoun A., Beitlitum I. Primary Implant Stability Analysis of Different Dental Implant Connections and Designs-An In Vitro Comparative Study // Materials (Basel). – 2022;15(9):3072. doi: 10.3390/ma15093072.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Raz P., Meir H., Levartovsky S., Sebaoun A., Beitlitum I. Primary Implant Stability Analysis of Different Dental Implant Connections and Designs-An In Vitro Comparative Study // Materials (Basel). – 2022;15(9):3072. doi: 10.3390/ma15093072.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B5">
    <label>5.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gehrke S.A., Cortellari G.C., de Oliveira Fernandes G.V., Scarano A., Martins R.G., Cançado R.M., Mesquita A.M.M. Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Insertion Torque and Implant Stability of Two Different Implant Macrogeometries in the Initial Periods of Osseointegration // Medicina (Kaunas). – 2023;59(1):168. doi: 10.3390/medicina59010168.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gehrke S.A., Cortellari G.C., de Oliveira Fernandes G.V., Scarano A., Martins R.G., Cançado R.M., Mesquita A.M.M. Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Insertion Torque and Implant Stability of Two Different Implant Macrogeometries in the Initial Periods of Osseointegration // Medicina (Kaunas). – 2023;59(1):168. doi: 10.3390/medicina59010168.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B6">
    <label>6.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Falco A., Berardini M., Trisi P. Correlation Between Implant Geometry, Implant Surface, Insertion Torque, and Primary Stability: In Vitro Biomechanical Analysis // Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. – 2018;33(4):824-830. doi: 10.11607/jomi.6285.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Falco A., Berardini M., Trisi P. Correlation Between Implant Geometry, Implant Surface, Insertion Torque, and Primary Stability: In Vitro Biomechanical Analysis // Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. – 2018;33(4):824-830. doi: 10.11607/jomi.6285.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B7">
    <label>7.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Atieh M.A., Baqain Z.H., Tawse-Smith A., Ma S., Almoselli M., Lin L., Alsabeeha N.H.M. The influence of insertion torque values on the failure and complication rates of dental implants: A systematic review and meta-analysis // Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. – 2021;23(3):341-360. doi: 10.1111/cid.12993.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Atieh M.A., Baqain Z.H., Tawse-Smith A., Ma S., Almoselli M., Lin L., Alsabeeha N.H.M. The influence of insertion torque values on the failure and complication rates of dental implants: A systematic review and meta-analysis // Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. – 2021;23(3):341-360. doi: 10.1111/cid.12993.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B8">
    <label>8.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kotsakis G.A., Romanos G.E. Biological mechanisms underlying complications related to implant site preparation // Periodontol 2000. – 2022;88(1):52-63. doi: 10.1111/prd.12410.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kotsakis G.A., Romanos G.E. Biological mechanisms underlying complications related to implant site preparation // Periodontol 2000. – 2022;88(1):52-63. doi: 10.1111/prd.12410.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B9">
    <label>9.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huang C.Y., Wu A.Y., Wu Y.L., Lin C.P., Lung H., Auyeung L. A Retrospective Analysis of Implants with Low Insertion Torque in Immediately Loaded Full-Arch Fixed Prostheses with Corresponding Occlusal Schemes // Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. – 2022;37(3):485-493. doi: 10.11607/jomi.9274.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huang C.Y., Wu A.Y., Wu Y.L., Lin C.P., Lung H., Auyeung L. A Retrospective Analysis of Implants with Low Insertion Torque in Immediately Loaded Full-Arch Fixed Prostheses with Corresponding Occlusal Schemes // Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. – 2022;37(3):485-493. doi: 10.11607/jomi.9274.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B10">
    <label>10.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Walter A., de la Iglesia F., Winsauer H., Ploder O., Wendl B., Puigdollers Perez A. Evaluation of expansion forces of five pure bone-borne maxillary expander designs anchored with orthodontic mini-implants: An in vitro study // J Orthod. – 2023;50(4):335-343. doi: 10.1177/14653125231152502.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Walter A., de la Iglesia F., Winsauer H., Ploder O., Wendl B., Puigdollers Perez A. Evaluation of expansion forces of five pure bone-borne maxillary expander designs anchored with orthodontic mini-implants: An in vitro study // J Orthod. – 2023;50(4):335-343. doi: 10.1177/14653125231152502.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B11">
    <label>11.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu Q., Yang J., Wang R., Yuan L., Yu K. Dental implant failure rates with low insertion torque with a nonsubmerged surgical approach: A retrospective clinical study // Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. – 2023;25(1):118-123. doi: 10.1111/cid.13159.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu Q., Yang J., Wang R., Yuan L., Yu K. Dental implant failure rates with low insertion torque with a nonsubmerged surgical approach: A retrospective clinical study // Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. – 2023;25(1):118-123. doi: 10.1111/cid.13159.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B12">
    <label>12.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lemos C.A.A., Verri F.R., de Oliveira Neto O.B., Cruz R.S., Luna Gomes J.M., da Silva Casado B.G., Pellizzer E.P. Clinical effect of the high insertion torque on dental implants: A systematic review and meta-analysis // J Prosthet Dent. – 2021;126(4):490-496. doi: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2020.06.012.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lemos C.A.A., Verri F.R., de Oliveira Neto O.B., Cruz R.S., Luna Gomes J.M., da Silva Casado B.G., Pellizzer E.P. Clinical effect of the high insertion torque on dental implants: A systematic review and meta-analysis // J Prosthet Dent. – 2021;126(4):490-496. doi: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2020.06.012.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B13">
    <label>13.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ramesh R., Sasi A., Mohamed S.C., Joseph S.P. &quot;Compression Necrosis&quot; - A Cause of Concern for Early Implant Failure? Case Report and Review of Literature // Clin Cosmet Investig Dent. – 2024;16:43-52. doi: 10.2147/CCIDE.S453798.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ramesh R., Sasi A., Mohamed S.C., Joseph S.P. &quot;Compression Necrosis&quot; - A Cause of Concern for Early Implant Failure? Case Report and Review of Literature // Clin Cosmet Investig Dent. – 2024;16:43-52. doi: 10.2147/CCIDE.S453798.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B14">
    <label>14.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rodrigo D., Aracil L., Martin C., Sanz M. Diagnosis of implant stability and its impact on implant survival: a prospective case series study // Clin Oral Implants Res. – 2010;21(3):255-261. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2009.01820.x.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rodrigo D., Aracil L., Martin C., Sanz M. Diagnosis of implant stability and its impact on implant survival: a prospective case series study // Clin Oral Implants Res. – 2010;21(3):255-261. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2009.01820.x.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B15">
    <label>15.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wach T., Skorupska M., Trybek G. Are Torque-Induced Bone Texture Alterations Related to Early Marginal Jawbone Loss? // J Clin Med. – 2022;11(20):6158. doi: 10.3390/jcm11206158.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wach T., Skorupska M., Trybek G. Are Torque-Induced Bone Texture Alterations Related to Early Marginal Jawbone Loss? // J Clin Med. – 2022;11(20):6158. doi: 10.3390/jcm11206158.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B16">
    <label>16.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roca-Millan E., González-Navarro B., Domínguez-Mínger J., Marí-Roig A., Jané-Salas E., López-López J. Implant insertion torque and marginal bone loss: A systematic review and meta-analysis // Int J Oral Implantol (Berl). – 2020;13(4):345-353. PMID: 33491366.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roca-Millan E., González-Navarro B., Domínguez-Mínger J., Marí-Roig A., Jané-Salas E., López-López J. Implant insertion torque and marginal bone loss: A systematic review and meta-analysis // Int J Oral Implantol (Berl). – 2020;13(4):345-353. PMID: 33491366.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B17">
    <label>17.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kotsu M., Urbizo Velez J., Bengazi F. et al. Healing at implants installed from ~ 70- to &lt; 10-Ncm insertion torques: an experimental study in dogs // Oral Maxillofac Surg. – 2021;25(1):55-64. doi:10.1007/s10006-020-00890-3</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kotsu M., Urbizo Velez J., Bengazi F. et al. Healing at implants installed from ~ 70- to &lt; 10-Ncm insertion torques: an experimental study in dogs // Oral Maxillofac Surg. – 2021;25(1):55-64. doi:10.1007/s10006-020-00890-3</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B18">
    <label>18.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Trisi P., Todisco M., Consolo U., Travaglini D. High versus low implant insertion torque: a histologic, histomorphometric, and biomechanical study in the sheep mandible // Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. – 2011;26(4):837-849. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21841994/</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Trisi P., Todisco M., Consolo U., Travaglini D. High versus low implant insertion torque: a histologic, histomorphometric, and biomechanical study in the sheep mandible // Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. – 2011;26(4):837-849. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21841994/</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B19">
    <label>19.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Greenstein G., Cavallaro J. Implant Insertion Torque: Its Role in Achieving Primary Stability of Restorable Dental Implants // Compend Contin Educ Dent. – 2017;38(2):88-96. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28156122/</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Greenstein G., Cavallaro J. Implant Insertion Torque: Its Role in Achieving Primary Stability of Restorable Dental Implants // Compend Contin Educ Dent. – 2017;38(2):88-96. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28156122/</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B20">
    <label>20.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Balshi S.F., Wolfinger G.J., Balshi T.J. Analysis of 164 titanium oxide-surface implants in completely edentulous arches for fixed prosthesis anchorage using the pterygomaxillary region // Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. – 2005;20(6):946-952. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16392353/</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Balshi S.F., Wolfinger G.J., Balshi T.J. Analysis of 164 titanium oxide-surface implants in completely edentulous arches for fixed prosthesis anchorage using the pterygomaxillary region // Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. – 2005;20(6):946-952. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16392353/</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
  </ref-list>
 </back>
</article>
