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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Actual problems in dentistry</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Actual problems in dentistry</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Проблемы стоматологии</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">2077-7566</issn>
   <issn publication-format="online">2412-9461</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">45515</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18481/2077-7566-20-17-2-14-18</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>ЛЕКЦИИ / ЛИТЕРАТУРНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫ</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>LITERATURE REVIEW</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>ЛЕКЦИИ / ЛИТЕРАТУРНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫ</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">MUCOSAL ABNORMALITIES AS AN ETIOPATHOGENETIC FACTOR IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF GINGIVAL RECESSION</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>МУКОГИНГИВАЛЬНЫЕ АНОМАЛИИ КАК ЭТИОПАТОГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЙ ФАКТОР РАЗВИТИЯ РЕЦЕССИИ ДЕСНЫ</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Ксембаев</surname>
       <given-names>Саид Сальменович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Ksembaev</surname>
       <given-names>Said Salmenovich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>ksesa@mail.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор медицинских наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of medical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Бушеев</surname>
       <given-names>Динар Олегович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Busheev</surname>
       <given-names>Dinar Olegovich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>dinar.busheev@gmail.com</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Валиева</surname>
       <given-names>Ильсияр Исламовна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Valieva</surname>
       <given-names>Ilsiyar Islamovna</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>ivalieva@bk.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат медицинских наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of medical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Халиуллина</surname>
       <given-names>Айгуль Айдаровна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Khaliullina</surname>
       <given-names>Aiygul A.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>Ayuni@mail.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат медицинских наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of medical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Хафизова</surname>
       <given-names>Лилия Наильевна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Khafizova</surname>
       <given-names>Lilia N.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>lhafizova116@gmail.com</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат медицинских наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of medical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Казанский государственный медицинский университет</institution>
     <city>Казань</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Kazan State Medical University</institution>
     <city>Kazan</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Казанский государственный медицинский университет</institution>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Kazan State Medical University</institution>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Казанский государственный медицинский университет</institution>
     <city>Казань</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Kazan State Medical University</institution>
     <city>Kazan</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-4">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Казанский государственный медицинский университет</institution>
     <city>Казань</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Казанский государственный медицинский университет</institution>
     <city>Казань</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-5">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Городская стоматология, филиал № 4</institution>
     <city>Казань</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">City dentistry, branch No. 4</institution>
     <city>Kazan</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <volume>17</volume>
   <issue>2</issue>
   <fpage>14</fpage>
   <lpage>18</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-08-08T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>08</day>
     <month>08</month>
     <year>2021</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://dental-press.ru/en/nauka/article/45515/view">https://dental-press.ru/en/nauka/article/45515/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Предмет. Представлен обзор литературы, посвященный актуальной проблеме стоматологии — мукогингивальным аномалиям (мелкое преддверие рта, короткие уздечки губ, языка, слизисто-альвеолярные тяжи).&#13;
Цель исследования — изучить материалы публикаций, посвященных мукогингивальным аномалиям как этиопатогенетическим факторам развития рецессии десны.&#13;
Методология. Подробно, в свете современных представлений, описаны мукогингивальные аномалии (мелкое преддверие рта, короткие уздечки губ, языка, слизисто-альвеолярные тяжи) и их влияние на развитие рецессии десны. &#13;
Результаты. Установлено, что большую роль в возникновении и развитии рецессии десны играет соотношение величин прикрепленной и свободной десны, в норме равное  5:1, при патологии — 1:1. &#13;
Патогенез мукогингивальных аномалий связан, в первую очередь, с отсутствием достаточной ширины прикрепленной десны при мелком преддверии рта, что является фактором хронической травматизации десны при пережевывании пищи, приводящим к нарушениям трофического тканевого обмена и в итоге к резорбции костных структур, определяемой рентгенологически. &#13;
Слизисто-альвеолярные тяжи и короткие большие уздечки верхней или нижней губы и языка также играют важную роль в возникновении рецессии десны.&#13;
Показатели возникающих трофических нарушений — это проявления анемии, а также подвижность свободной десны при отведении губ, щек и языка. &#13;
Для профилактики возникновения деструкции тканей необходима ранняя диагностика и устранение факторов возникновения хронической травмы пародонта при помощи операций френуло- и вестибулопластики. &#13;
Выводы. Результаты исследования свидетельствуют о том, что знание анатомо-топографических параметров преддверия и слизистой оболочки рта необходимо для проведения профилактики развития рецессии десны, назначения своевременного и адекватного лечения, прогнозирования и предупреждения осложнений. &#13;
Несмотря на это, следует признать, что данная проблема продолжает оставаться актуальной в связи с отсутствием подходов к профилактике, диагностике и лечению рецессии десны.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>Subject. A review of the literature devoted to the current problem of dentistry - mucogingival anomalies (small vestibule of the mouth, short frenulum of the lips, tongue, muco-alveolar cords) is presented. &#13;
Purpose of the study — study the materials of publications devoted to mucogingival anomalies as etiopathogenetic factors in the development of gingival recession.&#13;
Methodology. In detail, in the light of modern ideas described mucogingival anomalies (shallow vestibule of the mouth, short frenulum of the lips, tongue, mucous-alveolar cords) and their effect on the development of gum recession. &#13;
Results. It has been established that a large role in the occurrence and development of gingival recession is played by the ratio of the size of the attached and free gums, which is normally equal to 5: 1, and in pathology — 1: 1. &#13;
The pathogenetic mechanism of the negative impact of mucogingival abnormalities is associated with the absence, first of all, of a sufficient width of the attached gums with a shallow vestibule of the mouth, which is a factor of constant chronic trauma to the gums with, leading to disturbances in microcirculation and tissue metabolism, resulting in resorption of bone structures, etermined radiographically.&#13;
In the mechanism of gum recession, a significant role is also played by the pulling mucous-alveolar cords, shortened and massive frenum of the lips and tongue. &#13;
The main signs of arising ischemic disorders are anemization and mobility of the marginal gums when the lower or upper lip, cheeks, and tongue are abducted. &#13;
To prevent severe destructive lesions, it is necessary to timely identify and eliminate, with the help of vestibulo- or frenuloplasty operations, conditions conducive to functional chronic traumatization of the periodontal tissues. &#13;
Conclusions. The results of the review indicate that knowledge of the anatomical and topographic parameters of the vestibule and oral mucosa is necessary to prevent the development of gingival recession, prescribe timely and adequate treatment, predict and prevent complications.&#13;
However, it should be recognized that this problem, in our opinion, continues to remain relevant to this day due to the lack of an integrated approach to the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of gum recession.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>мукогингивальные аномалии</kwd>
    <kwd>анатомо-топографические параметры</kwd>
    <kwd>ишемические нарушения</kwd>
    <kwd>рецессия десны</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>mucogingival abnormalities</kwd>
    <kwd>anatomical and topographic parameters</kwd>
    <kwd>ischemic disorders</kwd>
    <kwd>gingival recession</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p></p>
 </body>
 <back>
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