Actual problems in dentistry Actual problems in dentistry Проблемы стоматологии 2077-7566 2412-9461 43696 10.18481/2077-7566-20-17-1-20-25 ЛЕКЦИИ / ЛИТЕРАТУРНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫ LITERATURE REVIEW ЛЕКЦИИ / ЛИТЕРАТУРНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫ PREVALENCE AND ETIOLOGY OF LOWER JAW FRACTURES РАСПРОСТРАНЕННОСТЬ И ЭТИОЛОГИЯ ПЕРЕЛОМОВ НИЖНЕЙ ЧЕЛЮСТИ Гильманова Гузель Сулеймановна Gilmanova Guzel S. ggilmanova-dentist@yandex.ru Гасымзаде Джавид Княз оглы Gasimzade Javid K. cavid_gasimzade@mail.ru Ксембаев Саид Сальменович Ksembaev Said Salmenovich ksesa@mail.ru

доктор медицинских наук;

doctor of medical sciences;

 Гильманов Анас Анварович Gilmanov Anas A. gilmanov.anas@gmail.com

доктор медицинских наук;

doctor of medical sciences;

 Казанский государственный медицинский университет Kazan State Medical University ФГБОУ ВО "Казанский государственный медицинский университет" Минздрава России Казань Россия Kazan State Medical University Kazan Russian Federation Казанский государственный медицинский университет Казань Россия Kazan State Medical University Kazan Russian Federation 17 1 20 25 https://dental-press.ru/en/nauka/article/43696/view

Предмет. Представлен обзор литературы, посвященный актуальной проблеме челюстно-лицевой хирургии и хирургической стоматологии — распространенности и этиологии переломов нижней челюсти. Цель исследования — изучить материалы публикаций о распространенности и этиологии переломов нижней челюсти. Методология. Изучены публикации отечественных и иностранных авторов, свидетельствующие о распространенности и этиологии переломов нижней челюсти. Результаты. Публикации подтверждают тенденцию роста числа переломов нижней челюсти. Переломы нижней челюсти имеют полифакторное происхождение. Результаты исследований демонстрируют наличие конкретной связи переломов нижней челюсти с социальными (регион проживания, социально-экономическое состояние, культурные особенности, образ жизни и др.), возрастными и гендерными факторами. Выводы. Переломы нижней челюсти преобладают в структуре переломов костей лицевого скелета. Основную часть пациентов составляют городские жители. Наиболее часто возникают односторонние переломы. Наибольшее количество переломов нижней челюсти регистрируется в возрастной группе 21-30 лет. При этом молодежная возрастная группа является здесь доминирующей. Низкая частота переломов отмечена в группе пожилых лиц. Переломы нижней челюсти чаще встречаются у мужчин, чем у женщин, в соотношении ~ 4:1, но доля женщин с переломами нижней челюсти в последнее время возрастает. Переломы нижней челюсти наиболее часто встречаются в летние месяцы, по дням недели доминирует воскресенье. Переломы нижней челюсти могут быть вызваны различными факторами. В последние годы во многих странах отмечается тенденция к росту числа переломов, полученных при дорожно-транспортных происшествиях. Пациенты женского пола указывают на высокую частоту насилия в их отношении. Падения являются наиболее распространенной причиной переломов у пожилых людей. Существует определенная зависимость между частотой распространенности переломов и употреблением алкоголя, а также других психоактивных веществ.

Subject. A review of the literature on the topical problem of maxillofacial surgery and dental surgery — the prevalence and etiology of mandibular fractures is presented. The aim of the study was to study the materials of publications on the prevalence and etiology of mandibular fractures. Methodology. The publications of domestic and foreign authors, testifying to the prevalence and etiology of mandibular fractures, were studied. Results. The publications confirm the tendency of an increase in the number of mandibular fractures. Fractures of the mandible are of polyfactorial origin. The research results demonstrate the presence of a specific connection between fractures of the lower jaw and social (region of residence, socio-economic state, cultural characteristics, lifestyle, etc.), age and gender factors. Conclusions. Fractures of the lower jaw prevail in the structure of fractures of the bones of the facial skeleton. The majority of patients are urban residents. One-sided fractures are most common. The greatest number of mandibular fractures is recorded in the age group 21-30 years. At the same time, the youth age group is dominant here. A low incidence of fractures was noted in the elderly group. Mandibular fractures are more common in men than in women in a ratio of ~ 4: 1, but the proportion of women with fractures of the mandible has recently been increasing. Mandibular fractures are most common in the summer months, with Sunday dominating the days of the week. Mandibular fractures can be caused by a variety of factors. In recent years, there has been an upward trend in the number of fractures caused by road traffic accidents in many countries. Female patients indicate a high incidence of violence against them. Falls are the most common cause of fractures in older people. There is a definite relationship between the incidence of fractures and the use of alcohol and other psychoactive substances.

 переломы нижней челюсти распространенность этиология предрасполагающие факторы гендерные различия mandibular fractures prevalence etiology predisposing factors gender differences

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