Actual problems in dentistry Actual problems in dentistry Проблемы стоматологии 2077-7566 2412-9461 115032 10.18481/2077-7566-2026-22-1-131-136 СТОМАТОЛОГИЯ ДЕТСКОГО ВОЗРАСТА, ПРОФИЛАКТИКА И ОРТОДОНТИЯ. ОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ PEDIATRIC DENTISTRY, PROPHYLAXIS AND ORTHODONTICS. REVIEWS СТОМАТОЛОГИЯ ДЕТСКОГО ВОЗРАСТА, ПРОФИЛАКТИКА И ОРТОДОНТИЯ. ОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ PERIODONTAL DISEASES IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS: CLINICAL AND PATHOGENETIC ASPECTS AND MODERN APPROACHES TO TREATMENT (LITERATURE REVIEW) ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯ ПАРОДОНТА У ДЕТЕЙ С РАССТРОЙСТВАМИ АУТИСТИЧЕСКОГО СПЕКТРА: КЛИНИКО-ПАТОГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ И СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ПОДХОДЫ К ЛЕЧЕНИЮ (ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ) Киртаева Анастасия Владиславовна Kirtaeva Anastasiya V. iveti01062@mail.ru

кандидат медицинских наук;

candidate of medical sciences;

 Юдинцев Илья Владимирович Yudincev Il'ya Vladimirovich xmn92t@list.ru Святочевская Анастасия Павловна Svyatochevskaya Anastasiya P. nastasiasvya2003@mail.ru Чувашский государственный университет имени И.Н. Ульянова Чебоксары Россия Chuvash State University named after I.N. Ulyanov Cheboksary Russian Federation Чувашский государственный университет имени И.Н. Ульянова Chuvash State University named after I. N. Ulyanov Чувашский государственный университет имени И.Н. Ульянова Чебоксары Россия Chuvash State University named after I.N. Ulyanov Cheboksary Russian Federation 22 1 131 136 16 02 2026 https://dental-press.ru/en/nauka/article/115032/view

Работа посвящена анализу особенностей воспалительных заболеваний пародонта у детей с расстройствами аутистического спектра. Исходной предпосылкой исследования послужили данные о высокой распространенности стоматологической патологии в данной группе пациентов и недостаточной разработанности адаптированных клинических подходов к их ведению. Целью исследования являлось обобщение сведений о патогенетических, иммунологических, микробиологических и клинических механизмах поражения пародонта у детей с расстройствами аутистического спектра и обоснование необходимости модификации диагностических и терапевтических стратегий. Работа выполнена в формате аналитического обзора научной литературы. В анализ включены публикации отечественных и зарубежных авторов, посвященные вопросам патогенеза, клинических проявлений, диагностики и лечения заболеваний пародонта у детей с нейроразвитийными нарушениями. Методологическую основу составил сравнительный анализ клинических, лабораторных и микробиологических данных, а также оценка современных концепций нейроиммунного взаимодействия. Результаты обзора свидетельствуют о том, что воспалительные заболевания пародонта у детей с расстройствами аутистического спектра формируются под влиянием комплекса факторов, включающего нарушения гигиенического поведения, сенсорную гиперчувствительность, изменения иммунного ответа и дисбиотические сдвиги микробиома полости рта. Показано, что сочетание нейровоспалительных и иммунных нарушений способствует хронизации процесса и формированию атипичных клинических проявлений. Сделан вывод о необходимости разработки адаптированных диагностических алгоритмов и индивидуализированных терапевтических программ, основанных на междисциплинарном подходе и минимально инвазивных методах лечения, что позволит повысить эффективность профилактики и терапии заболеваний пародонта у данной категории пациентов.

The work is devoted to the analysis of the features of inflammatory periodontal diseases in children with autism spectrum disorders. The study was based on the data on the high prevalence of dental pathology in this group of patients and the lack of adapted clinical approaches to their management. The aim of the study was to summarize information on the pathogenetic, immunological, microbiological, and clinical mechanisms of periodontal lesions in children with autism spectrum disorders and to justify the need for modification of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. The work was conducted in the form of an analytical review of scientific literature. The analysis included publications by Russian and foreign authors on the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of periodontal diseases in children with neurodevelopmental disorders. The methodological basis was based on a comparative analysis of clinical, laboratory, and microbiological data, as well as an assessment of current concepts of neuroimmune interaction. The review findings suggest that inflammatory periodontal diseases in children with autism spectrum disorders are influenced by a complex of factors, including impaired oral hygiene behavior, sensory hypersensitivity, changes in the immune response, and dysbiotic alterations in the oral microbiome. It has been shown that the combination of neuroinflammatory and immune disorders contributes to the chronification of the process and the formation of atypical clinical manifestations. The authors conclude that it is necessary to develop adapted diagnostic algorithms and individualized therapeutic programs based on an interdisciplinary approach and minimally invasive treatment methods, which will increase the effectiveness of prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases in this category of patients.

 детская пародонтология заболевания пародонта у детей расстройства аутистического спектра нейроиммунные механизмы воспаления микробиом полости рта поведенческие стоматологические особенности адаптированные стоматологические протоколы pediatric periodontology periodontal diseases in children autism spectrum disorders neuroimmune mechanisms of inflammation oral microbiome behavioral dental features adapted dental protocols

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