Actual problems in dentistry Actual problems in dentistry Проблемы стоматологии 2077-7566 2412-9461 108891 10.18481/2077-7566-2025-21-4-65-78 ТЕРАПЕВТИЧЕСКАЯ СТОМАТОЛОГИЯ THERAPEUTIC DENTISTRY ТЕРАПЕВТИЧЕСКАЯ СТОМАТОЛОГИЯ CLINICAL AND LABORATORY EVALUATION OF METHODS OF DIAGNOSTICS AND TREATMENT OF ORAL MUCOSA LEUCOPLAKIA. (Review) КЛИНИКО-ЛАБОРАТОРНАЯ ОЦЕНКА МЕТОДОВ ДИАГНОСТИКИ И ЛЕЧЕНИЯ ЛЕЙКОПЛАКИИ СЛИЗИСТОЙ ОБОЛОЧКИ РТА Сапронов Сергей Сергеевич Sapronov Sergey S. sergius.sergiuson@gmail.com Козьменко Анастасия Николаевна Kozmenko Anastasia Nikolaevna power2030@yandex.ru

кандидат медицинских наук;

candidate of medical sciences;

 Ларионова Виктория Сергеевна Larionova Viktoriya Sergeevna Маврицкая Мария Дмитриевна Mavrickaya Mariya Dmitrievna Плотников Александр Сергеевич Plotnikov Aleksandr S. alexplotnikov96@list.ru Спиридонова Елизавета Эдуардовна Spiridonova Elizaveta E. elizavetaspiridonova@98gmail.com Уральский государственный медицинский университет Екатеринбург Россия Ural State Medical University Ekaterinburg Russian Federation Уральский государственный медицинский университет Ural State Medical University Уральский государственный медицинский университет Екатеринбург Россия Ural State Medical University Yekaterinburg Russian Federation Стоматологический центр "Линия улыбки" Екатеринбург Россия Smile Line Dental Center LLC Ekaterinburg Russian Federation 29 01 2026 29 01 2026 21 4 65 78 26 11 2025 https://dental-press.ru/en/nauka/article/108891/view

Проблема гиперкератозов слизистой оболочки рта (СОР) требует пристального внимания и оценки. Из анализа литературы, проведённого в публичных источниках (www.pubmed.gov), (www.elibrary.ru), (Google Scholar), (www.cyberleninka.ru), следует, что заболеваемость СОР за последние десять лет увеличилась в РФ более чем на 30%. Ежегодно регистрируется более 9500 новых случаев онкологических заболеваний СОР в РФ, а их переход в стадию малигнизации достигает 62,8%. В структуре заболеваний СОР онкология занимает 18 место в РФ и 13 место в мире. Целью данного исследования является оптимизация комплексной диагностики гиперкератозов слизистой полости рта для повышения эффективности лечения и динамического наблюдения за пациентами с различными формами лейкоплакии. Материалы и методы. Нами была изучена специальная литература посвящённая СОР, а именно 59 литературных источников из баз данных: PubMed, eLibrary, Google Scholar, Cyberleninka. Результаты. В статье рассматривается анализ данных литературы об этиологии, клинике и современных методах лечения заболеваний СОР. В большинстве случаев применяется консервативное и хирургическое лечение лейкоплакии. Выводы. Врач-стоматолог не располагает конкретным алгоритмом действий в ходе амбулаторного приема, которые включали бы методы исследования и дальнейшего ведения пациента консервативным или хирургическим путем. Применение стандартных методик при ранней диагностике противоречиво. Специалисты по слизистым указывают, что внедрение в практику аутофлуоресцентной стоматоскопии (АФС), как необходимого метода онкоскрининга СОР, нужно ввиду совпадения результатов биопсии с анализом оптического свечения. Однако АФС-метод не заменит гистологическое исследование СОР, так как может привести к гипердиагностике, применение возможно только опытными специалистами, так как они в первую очередь визуализируют предраковые поражения СОР для биопсии.

The problem of oral mucosal hyperkeratosis (OMH) requires careful attention and evaluation. A literature review conducted in public sources (www.pubmed.gov), (www.elibrary.ru), (Google Scholar), and (www.cyberleninka.ru) reveals that the incidence of OMH has increased by more than 30% in the Russian Federation over the past ten years. More than 9,500 new cases of OMH are registered annually in the Russian Federation, and their malignancy rate reaches 62.8%. Among OMH cases, oncology ranks 18th in the Russian Federation and 13th globally. The aim of this study is to optimize the comprehensive diagnosis of oral mucosal hyperkeratosis to improve treatment effectiveness and follow-up of patients with various forms of leukoplakia. Materials and Methods. We reviewed specialized literature on oral mucosal leukemia, specifically 59 references from the following databases: PubMed, eLibrary, Google Scholar, and Cyberleninka. Results. This article analyzes literature data on the etiology, clinical presentation, and current treatment methods for oral mucosal leukemia. In most cases, conservative and surgical treatment of leukoplakia is used. Conclusions. Dentists do not have a specific procedure during outpatient visits that would include examination methods and subsequent patient management, whether conservative or surgical. The use of standard methods for early diagnosis is controversial. Mucosal specialists point out that autofluorescence stomatoscopy (AFS) should be implemented as a necessary method for oral mucosal cancer screening due to the similarity between biopsy results and optical fluorescence analysis. However, AFS is not a substitute for histological examination of oral mucosal cancer, as it can lead to overdiagnosis. Its use is only possible by experienced specialists, as they primarily visualize precancerous lesions of the oral mucosa for biopsy.

 лейкоплакия заболевания СОР аутоиммунные заболевания патология слизистой онкологические патологии leukoplakia oral mucosal diseases autoimmune diseases mucosal pathology oncological pathologies

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