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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Actual problems in dentistry</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Actual problems in dentistry</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Проблемы стоматологии</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">2077-7566</issn>
   <issn publication-format="online">2412-9461</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">105538</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18481/2077-7566-2025-21-3-31-39</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>ЛЕКЦИИ / ЛИТЕРАТУРНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫ</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>LITERATURE REVIEW</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>ЛЕКЦИИ / ЛИТЕРАТУРНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫ</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">MULTIFACTORIAL NATURE OF DISTAL OCCLUSION: THE ROLE OF GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS (LITERATURE REVIEW)</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>МНОГОФАКТОРНОСТЬ ДИСТАЛЬНОЙ ОККЛЮЗИИ: РОЛЬ ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИХ И СРЕДОВЫХ ФАКТОРОВ (ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ)</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Хумгаева</surname>
       <given-names>Хадижат Руслановна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Humgaeva</surname>
       <given-names>Hadizhat Ruslanovna</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Иванов</surname>
       <given-names>Сергей Юрьевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Ivanov</surname>
       <given-names>Sergey Yuryevich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>ivanov-syu@rudn.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор медицинских наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of medical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0431-0033</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Бопхоев</surname>
       <given-names>Саддам Висингиреевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Bophoev</surname>
       <given-names>Saddam Visingireevich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>bophoev_sv@mail.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Кобец</surname>
       <given-names>Константин Константинович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Kobets</surname>
       <given-names>Konstantin K.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>kobetskonstantin@gmail.com</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Российский Университет Дружбы Народов имени Патриса Лумумбы</institution>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Российский Университет Дружбы Народов имени Патриса Лумумбы</institution>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">First Moscow State Medical University named after I.M. Sechenov</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-4">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов (РУДН)</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-10-29T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>29</day>
    <month>10</month>
    <year>2025</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-10-29T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>29</day>
    <month>10</month>
    <year>2025</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>21</volume>
   <issue>3</issue>
   <fpage>31</fpage>
   <lpage>39</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-10-18T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>18</day>
     <month>10</month>
     <year>2025</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://dental-press.ru/en/nauka/article/105538/view">https://dental-press.ru/en/nauka/article/105538/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Дистальная окклюзия – одна из наиболее распространенных зубочелюстных аномалий, характеризующаяся дистальным расположением нижней челюсти по отношению к верхней. Это состояние сопровождается нарушением жевательной функции, затруднением артикуляции речи и значительными эстетическими проблемами, которые могут влиять на социальную адаптацию и психологическое благополучие.&#13;
Целью данного обзора стала систематизация современных знаний о причинах и механизмах развития дистального прикуса и проверка гипотезы о мультифакториальной природе этого состояния, при которой генетическая предрасположенность взаимодействует со средовыми и функциональными факторами. &#13;
Методология включала структурированный поиск научных публикаций в базах данных PubMed, Google Scholar и eLIBRARY за последнее десятилетие. Публикации отбирались в соответствии с критериями включения, которые включали анализ этиологических факторов, оценку наследственных факторов, оценку функциональных нарушений и обсуждение особенностей роста краниофациального скелета. В общей сложности 75 источников соответствовали критериям детального анализа, включая клинические исследования, экспериментальные работы и обсервационные исследования.&#13;
Результаты обзора подтверждают, что дистальная окклюзия возникает в результате сложного взаимодействия наследственных детерминант, нарушений роста и развития краниофациального скелета и внешних факторов, таких как длительные вредные привычки полости рта, хроническая обструкция носовых ходов, приводящая к ротовому дыханию, и некорректированная преждевременная потеря молочных зубов. Полученные результаты подчеркивают важность раннего выявления факторов риска, междисциплинарных диагностических подходов и своевременного ортодонтического вмешательства. Эти выводы обосновывают необходимость индивидуализированных профилактических и терапевтических стратегий, что повышает эффективность лечения и улучшает долгосрочные результаты.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>Distal occlusion is one of the most common dentofacial anomalies, characterized by a distal position of the mandible in relation to the maxilla. This condition is associated with impaired chewing efficiency, difficulties in speech articulation, and significant aesthetic problems that can affect social adaptation and psychological well-being. The purpose of this review was to systematize current knowledge about the causes and mechanisms of distal occlusion development and to test the hypothesis that the condition has a multifactorial nature, in which genetic predisposition interacts with environmental and functional factors.&#13;
The methodology included a structured search of scientific publications in PubMed, Google Scholar, and eLibrary databases over the past decade. Publications were selected according to inclusion criteria that required analysis of etiological factors, assessment of hereditary influences, evaluation of functional disturbances, and discussion of craniofacial growth patterns. In total, 75 sources met the criteria for detailed analysis, including clinical studies, experimental works, and observational research.&#13;
The results of the review confirm that distal occlusion arises from a complex interaction of hereditary determinants, disturbances in the growth and development of the craniofacial skeleton, and external influences such as prolonged harmful oral habits, chronic nasal obstruction leading to mouth breathing, and uncorrected premature loss of deciduous teeth. The findings highlight the importance of early identification of risk factors, interdisciplinary diagnostic approaches, and timely orthodontic intervention. These conclusions substantiate the need for individualized preventive and therapeutic strategies, thereby improving treatment effectiveness and long-term outcomes.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>дистальная окклюзия</kwd>
    <kwd>аномалия прикуса</kwd>
    <kwd>патогенез аномалий прикуса</kwd>
    <kwd>генетика</kwd>
    <kwd>окружающая среда</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>distal occlusion</kwd>
    <kwd>malocclusion</kwd>
    <kwd>malocclusion pathogenesis</kwd>
    <kwd>genetics</kwd>
    <kwd>environment</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p></p>
 </body>
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